The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction
Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is primarily secreted by monocytes or macrophages and has traditionally been recognized for its role in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils. Recent research has revealed the presence...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01414-y |
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| author | Lu Zhou Liming Zhou |
| author_facet | Lu Zhou Liming Zhou |
| author_sort | Lu Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is primarily secreted by monocytes or macrophages and has traditionally been recognized for its role in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils. Recent research has revealed the presence of G-CSF in non-hematopoietic cells such as vascular endothelial cells, placental cells, and trophoblast cells. This discovery has led to the belief that G-CSF plays a significant role in ensuring the success of pregnancy. In this review, we investigate and summarize the mechanisms of G-CSF in the reproductive system, specifically addressing its roles in endometrial repair at the maternal-fetal interface, trophoblast development, suppression of autoimmunity, ovulation, and its therapeutic effects in reproductive-related diseases. As an important cytokine in normal pregnancy, our study demonstrate that G-CSF could improve endometrial receptivity through multiple mechanisms: not only by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating cytokine expression, and mobilizing cells, but also by increasing the number of endometrial pinopodes and attenuating degeneration, as supported by recent studies. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for future scientific research and clinical treatment endeavors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e051ddb5635d4329ba4e10328ddc85bd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1477-7827 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e051ddb5635d4329ba4e10328ddc85bd2025-08-20T02:38:32ZengBMCReproductive Biology and Endocrinology1477-78272025-05-0123111010.1186/s12958-025-01414-yThe Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproductionLu Zhou0Liming Zhou1Reproductive Medical Center, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityReproductive Medical Center, Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo UniversityAbstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is primarily secreted by monocytes or macrophages and has traditionally been recognized for its role in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils. Recent research has revealed the presence of G-CSF in non-hematopoietic cells such as vascular endothelial cells, placental cells, and trophoblast cells. This discovery has led to the belief that G-CSF plays a significant role in ensuring the success of pregnancy. In this review, we investigate and summarize the mechanisms of G-CSF in the reproductive system, specifically addressing its roles in endometrial repair at the maternal-fetal interface, trophoblast development, suppression of autoimmunity, ovulation, and its therapeutic effects in reproductive-related diseases. As an important cytokine in normal pregnancy, our study demonstrate that G-CSF could improve endometrial receptivity through multiple mechanisms: not only by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating cytokine expression, and mobilizing cells, but also by increasing the number of endometrial pinopodes and attenuating degeneration, as supported by recent studies. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for future scientific research and clinical treatment endeavors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01414-yGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)ReproductionMechanismsTherapeutic effect |
| spellingShingle | Lu Zhou Liming Zhou The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) Reproduction Mechanisms Therapeutic effect |
| title | The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction |
| title_full | The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction |
| title_fullStr | The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction |
| title_short | The Mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproduction |
| title_sort | mechanisms and therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in reproduction |
| topic | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) Reproduction Mechanisms Therapeutic effect |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01414-y |
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