Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The rice stem borer (RSB) <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> is a devastating rice pest with resistance to a number of insecticides. Recently, the new meta-diamide insecticide cyproflanilide has been considered an effective insecticide to control RSB. However, its resistance risk has not been rep...

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Main Authors: Kexin Zhang, Enling Zhan, Xiaoli Chang, Eman Atef Fouad, Chunqing Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2249
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author Kexin Zhang
Enling Zhan
Xiaoli Chang
Eman Atef Fouad
Chunqing Zhao
author_facet Kexin Zhang
Enling Zhan
Xiaoli Chang
Eman Atef Fouad
Chunqing Zhao
author_sort Kexin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The rice stem borer (RSB) <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> is a devastating rice pest with resistance to a number of insecticides. Recently, the new meta-diamide insecticide cyproflanilide has been considered an effective insecticide to control RSB. However, its resistance risk has not been reported. In the present study, we aimed to assess the resistance risk and evaluate the fitness cost after the RSB was exposed to cyproflanilide. After five generations of selection, the resistance level of RSB increased by 1.5-fold. When <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> was 0.125, a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD<sub>50</sub> values was expected in fourteen and thirty-one generations at the selection intensity of 90% and 50%, respectively. The selected population (RSB-SEL) had significant differences in the developmental duration of eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th instar larvae, and female pupae compared to the unselected population (RSB-UNSEL). Besides, the adult longevity was shortened, and the average pupal weight of males, the emergence rate, the sex ratio, the oviposition, the mean fecundity, and the full life cycle rate were decreased in RSB-SEL. The intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), the net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>), and the finite rate of increase (λ) of RSB-SEL were significantly lower than those of RSB-UNSEL, while the mean generation time (<i>T</i>) of RSB-SEL was significantly longer than that of RSB-UNSEL. Based on the results of the prediction of the generations required for a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD<sub>50</sub>, a potential risk of resistance development exists in RSB after continuous and excessive use of cyproflanilide. These results will be useful in designing the dose of cyproflanilide to control <i>C. suppressalis</i> in field.
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spelling doaj-art-e04de7e1670c41b08ca60ac4d5d665672025-08-20T02:11:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-09-011410224910.3390/agronomy14102249Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)Kexin Zhang0Enling Zhan1Xiaoli Chang2Eman Atef Fouad3Chunqing Zhao4Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaEco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, ChinaDepartment of Bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, EgyptKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe rice stem borer (RSB) <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> is a devastating rice pest with resistance to a number of insecticides. Recently, the new meta-diamide insecticide cyproflanilide has been considered an effective insecticide to control RSB. However, its resistance risk has not been reported. In the present study, we aimed to assess the resistance risk and evaluate the fitness cost after the RSB was exposed to cyproflanilide. After five generations of selection, the resistance level of RSB increased by 1.5-fold. When <i>h</i><sup>2</sup> was 0.125, a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD<sub>50</sub> values was expected in fourteen and thirty-one generations at the selection intensity of 90% and 50%, respectively. The selected population (RSB-SEL) had significant differences in the developmental duration of eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th instar larvae, and female pupae compared to the unselected population (RSB-UNSEL). Besides, the adult longevity was shortened, and the average pupal weight of males, the emergence rate, the sex ratio, the oviposition, the mean fecundity, and the full life cycle rate were decreased in RSB-SEL. The intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), the net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>), and the finite rate of increase (λ) of RSB-SEL were significantly lower than those of RSB-UNSEL, while the mean generation time (<i>T</i>) of RSB-SEL was significantly longer than that of RSB-UNSEL. Based on the results of the prediction of the generations required for a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD<sub>50</sub>, a potential risk of resistance development exists in RSB after continuous and excessive use of cyproflanilide. These results will be useful in designing the dose of cyproflanilide to control <i>C. suppressalis</i> in field.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2249GABA receptorRDLpest insect of riceresistance riskheritabilityfitness cost
spellingShingle Kexin Zhang
Enling Zhan
Xiaoli Chang
Eman Atef Fouad
Chunqing Zhao
Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Agronomy
GABA receptor
RDL
pest insect of rice
resistance risk
heritability
fitness cost
title Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
title_full Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
title_fullStr Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
title_full_unstemmed Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
title_short Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
title_sort resistance realized heritability and fitness cost of cyproflanilide in rice stem borer i chilo suppressalis i lepidoptera pyralidae
topic GABA receptor
RDL
pest insect of rice
resistance risk
heritability
fitness cost
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/10/2249
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