Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia

Background Long-term cooling and aridification are associated with the spread of grassland habitats and the appearance of new hominin adaptations starting in the late Miocene. However, limited fossil data during critical periods limits our ability to examine these climatic correlations further.Aim W...

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Main Authors: Irene E. Smail, Amy L. Rector, Joshua R. Robinson, Kaye E. Reed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Annals of Human Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/03014460.2025.2462255
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author Irene E. Smail
Amy L. Rector
Joshua R. Robinson
Kaye E. Reed
author_facet Irene E. Smail
Amy L. Rector
Joshua R. Robinson
Kaye E. Reed
author_sort Irene E. Smail
collection DOAJ
description Background Long-term cooling and aridification are associated with the spread of grassland habitats and the appearance of new hominin adaptations starting in the late Miocene. However, limited fossil data during critical periods limits our ability to examine these climatic correlations further.Aim We set out to reconstruct potential habitat and climate conditions at the origin of our genus Homo.Subjects and methods Mammalian faunal lists and species trait data were collected for Ledi-Geraru localities dated from ∼2.78 to <2.59 million years ago (Ma). These were compared to a modern comparative dataset of mammal communities across Africa with known habitat and climate conditions, as well as to other fossil mammal data from eastern Africa in the time period leading up to and following shortly after the earliest known appearance of Homo at ∼2.78 Ma.Results Early Homo is associated with ongoing aridification and increasing seasonality in the Afar Depression. While climate trends in eastern Africa parallel global models, local environmental variation persisted across fossil-bearing regions.Conclusion Climatic change (aridification and increasing seasonality) continues to be supported as a possible factor in the origins of our genus, although other fossil hominins continued to persist in these conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-e0427a40bd3542368ed46a5a579281272025-08-20T03:48:14ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Human Biology0301-44601464-50332025-12-0152110.1080/03014460.2025.2462255Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, EthiopiaIrene E. Smail0Amy L. Rector1Joshua R. Robinson2Kaye E. Reed3Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USACollege of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAArchaeology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USASchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USABackground Long-term cooling and aridification are associated with the spread of grassland habitats and the appearance of new hominin adaptations starting in the late Miocene. However, limited fossil data during critical periods limits our ability to examine these climatic correlations further.Aim We set out to reconstruct potential habitat and climate conditions at the origin of our genus Homo.Subjects and methods Mammalian faunal lists and species trait data were collected for Ledi-Geraru localities dated from ∼2.78 to <2.59 million years ago (Ma). These were compared to a modern comparative dataset of mammal communities across Africa with known habitat and climate conditions, as well as to other fossil mammal data from eastern Africa in the time period leading up to and following shortly after the earliest known appearance of Homo at ∼2.78 Ma.Results Early Homo is associated with ongoing aridification and increasing seasonality in the Afar Depression. While climate trends in eastern Africa parallel global models, local environmental variation persisted across fossil-bearing regions.Conclusion Climatic change (aridification and increasing seasonality) continues to be supported as a possible factor in the origins of our genus, although other fossil hominins continued to persist in these conditions.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/03014460.2025.2462255Ledi-Geraruearly Homomammal palaeoecologyhominin paleohabitats
spellingShingle Irene E. Smail
Amy L. Rector
Joshua R. Robinson
Kaye E. Reed
Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
Annals of Human Biology
Ledi-Geraru
early Homo
mammal palaeoecology
hominin paleohabitats
title Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
title_full Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
title_fullStr Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
title_short Pliocene climatic change and the origins of Homo at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
title_sort pliocene climatic change and the origins of homo at ledi geraru ethiopia
topic Ledi-Geraru
early Homo
mammal palaeoecology
hominin paleohabitats
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/03014460.2025.2462255
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AT joshuarrobinson plioceneclimaticchangeandtheoriginsofhomoatledigeraruethiopia
AT kayeereed plioceneclimaticchangeandtheoriginsofhomoatledigeraruethiopia