Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture

Microecological preparations (MPs), encompassing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, are microbial feed supplements that enhance host health through gut microbiota modulation. Unlike the narrow definition of probiotics (viable microorganisms), MPs constitute a broader category inclu...

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Main Authors: Ruiheng Qu, Hao Wu, Alkhateib Y. Gaafar, Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes, Quanquan Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/6/263
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author Ruiheng Qu
Hao Wu
Alkhateib Y. Gaafar
Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes
Quanquan Cao
author_facet Ruiheng Qu
Hao Wu
Alkhateib Y. Gaafar
Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes
Quanquan Cao
author_sort Ruiheng Qu
collection DOAJ
description Microecological preparations (MPs), encompassing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, are microbial feed supplements that enhance host health through gut microbiota modulation. Unlike the narrow definition of probiotics (viable microorganisms), MPs constitute a broader category including non-viable microbial derivatives and selectively fermented substrates. Their application in aquaculture significantly reduces antibiotic dependence. Given the industry’s intensification challenges, while meeting global protein demands, high-density aquaculture elevates disease risks, driving prophylactic antibiotic overuse. This practice accelerates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development, compromising treatment efficacy and causing residual antibiotics in aquatic products. Such residues violate international food safety standards, triggering trade disputes. As sustainable alternatives, MPs operate through multiple mechanisms: the competitive exclusion of pathogens, immune stimulation, and nutrient absorption enhancement. This review examines the patterns of antibiotic abuse and the emergence of AMR in carp aquaculture, evaluates MP-based mitigation strategies from the perspective of antibiotic alternatives, and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and application progress of MPs. Based on existing evidence, we propose targeted research priorities for MP optimization, advocating for scientifically guided implementation in commercial cyprinid aquaculture.
format Article
id doaj-art-e040f0a99a554a438cbc53445c55048f
institution Kabale University
issn 2410-3888
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Fishes
spelling doaj-art-e040f0a99a554a438cbc53445c55048f2025-08-20T03:27:25ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-06-0110626310.3390/fishes10060263Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid AquacultureRuiheng Qu0Hao Wu1Alkhateib Y. Gaafar2Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes3Quanquan Cao4College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaHydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 999060, EgyptHydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 999060, EgyptCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaMicroecological preparations (MPs), encompassing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, are microbial feed supplements that enhance host health through gut microbiota modulation. Unlike the narrow definition of probiotics (viable microorganisms), MPs constitute a broader category including non-viable microbial derivatives and selectively fermented substrates. Their application in aquaculture significantly reduces antibiotic dependence. Given the industry’s intensification challenges, while meeting global protein demands, high-density aquaculture elevates disease risks, driving prophylactic antibiotic overuse. This practice accelerates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development, compromising treatment efficacy and causing residual antibiotics in aquatic products. Such residues violate international food safety standards, triggering trade disputes. As sustainable alternatives, MPs operate through multiple mechanisms: the competitive exclusion of pathogens, immune stimulation, and nutrient absorption enhancement. This review examines the patterns of antibiotic abuse and the emergence of AMR in carp aquaculture, evaluates MP-based mitigation strategies from the perspective of antibiotic alternatives, and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and application progress of MPs. Based on existing evidence, we propose targeted research priorities for MP optimization, advocating for scientifically guided implementation in commercial cyprinid aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/6/263cyprinid aquaculturemicroecological preparationsAMRantibiotic alternatives
spellingShingle Ruiheng Qu
Hao Wu
Alkhateib Y. Gaafar
Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes
Quanquan Cao
Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
Fishes
cyprinid aquaculture
microecological preparations
AMR
antibiotic alternatives
title Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
title_full Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
title_fullStr Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
title_full_unstemmed Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
title_short Microecological Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Cyprinid Aquaculture
title_sort microecological preparations as antibiotic alternatives in cyprinid aquaculture
topic cyprinid aquaculture
microecological preparations
AMR
antibiotic alternatives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/6/263
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AT abdelgayedmetwalyyounes microecologicalpreparationsasantibioticalternativesincyprinidaquaculture
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