Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis

Abstract Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS2) is a promising anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high practical reversible capacity of 623 mAhg−1. However, its cycling stability is relatively poor and its long‐term degradation during cycling is not yet thoroughly investigated. In this work, a p...

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Main Authors: Jana Kupka, Yuri Surace, Damian M. Cupid, Hans Flandorfer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-05-01
Series:ChemElectroChem
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400702
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author Jana Kupka
Yuri Surace
Damian M. Cupid
Hans Flandorfer
author_facet Jana Kupka
Yuri Surace
Damian M. Cupid
Hans Flandorfer
author_sort Jana Kupka
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS2) is a promising anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high practical reversible capacity of 623 mAhg−1. However, its cycling stability is relatively poor and its long‐term degradation during cycling is not yet thoroughly investigated. In this work, a post‐mortem analysis of SnS2 electrodes was performed at pristine state, after the 1st cycle and at 80 % state‐of‐health. The analysis compared water‐based (Na‐CMC/SBR) and NMP‐based (PVDF) electrodes revealing insights into their degradation mechanisms and electrochemical performance. During the first cycle, SnS2 converts into Sn and Li2S identified by XRD, causing particle cracking and exfoliation. XPS and Raman spectroscopy identified Sn, SnFx, LiF, Li2S and carbonates species forming the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), while in‐situ dilatometry revealed up to 60 % irreversible expansion after the first cycle. These species are also found after at 80 % SOH along with an increase in fluorine species, SEI thickness and interfacial resistance. Water‐based electrodes exhibited better cycling stability, with 80 wt.% SnS2 and 10 wt.% binder retaining 80 % capacity after 180+ cycles. These findings underscore the critical role of binder choice and processing in enhancing SnS2 anodes’ durability and capacity retention, paving the way for sustainable, high‐performance LIB anodes.
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spelling doaj-art-e03ffe7647cb40d8b51cea524fd64afb2025-08-20T02:26:15ZengWiley-VCHChemElectroChem2196-02162025-05-011210n/an/a10.1002/celc.202400702Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem AnalysisJana Kupka0Yuri Surace1Damian M. Cupid2Hans Flandorfer3Battery Technologies, Center for Transport Technologies Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna AustriaBattery Technologies, Center for Transport Technologies Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna AustriaBattery Technologies, Center for Transport Technologies Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna AustriaUniversity of Vienna, Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna AustriaAbstract Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS2) is a promising anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high practical reversible capacity of 623 mAhg−1. However, its cycling stability is relatively poor and its long‐term degradation during cycling is not yet thoroughly investigated. In this work, a post‐mortem analysis of SnS2 electrodes was performed at pristine state, after the 1st cycle and at 80 % state‐of‐health. The analysis compared water‐based (Na‐CMC/SBR) and NMP‐based (PVDF) electrodes revealing insights into their degradation mechanisms and electrochemical performance. During the first cycle, SnS2 converts into Sn and Li2S identified by XRD, causing particle cracking and exfoliation. XPS and Raman spectroscopy identified Sn, SnFx, LiF, Li2S and carbonates species forming the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), while in‐situ dilatometry revealed up to 60 % irreversible expansion after the first cycle. These species are also found after at 80 % SOH along with an increase in fluorine species, SEI thickness and interfacial resistance. Water‐based electrodes exhibited better cycling stability, with 80 wt.% SnS2 and 10 wt.% binder retaining 80 % capacity after 180+ cycles. These findings underscore the critical role of binder choice and processing in enhancing SnS2 anodes’ durability and capacity retention, paving the way for sustainable, high‐performance LIB anodes.https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400702Tin sulfidepost-mortem analysisaqueous processingelectrochemistrylithium-ion battery
spellingShingle Jana Kupka
Yuri Surace
Damian M. Cupid
Hans Flandorfer
Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
ChemElectroChem
Tin sulfide
post-mortem analysis
aqueous processing
electrochemistry
lithium-ion battery
title Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
title_full Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
title_fullStr Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
title_short Understanding and Comparing the Stability of Water‐ versus NMP‐Based Tin(IV)Sulfide Electrodes Using Post‐Mortem Analysis
title_sort understanding and comparing the stability of water versus nmp based tin iv sulfide electrodes using post mortem analysis
topic Tin sulfide
post-mortem analysis
aqueous processing
electrochemistry
lithium-ion battery
url https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400702
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