Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles

Permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (EVs) prioritize high power density and lightweight design, leading to elevated thermal flux density. Consequently, cooling methods and heat conduction in stator windings become critical. This paper proposes a compound cooling structure combi...

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Main Authors: Shijun Chen, Cheng Miao, Xinyu Chen, Wei Qian, Songchao Chu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3134
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author Shijun Chen
Cheng Miao
Xinyu Chen
Wei Qian
Songchao Chu
author_facet Shijun Chen
Cheng Miao
Xinyu Chen
Wei Qian
Songchao Chu
author_sort Shijun Chen
collection DOAJ
description Permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (EVs) prioritize high power density and lightweight design, leading to elevated thermal flux density. Consequently, cooling methods and heat conduction in stator windings become critical. This paper proposes a compound cooling structure combining direct oil spray cooling on stator windings and housing oil channel cooling (referred to as the winding–housing composite oil cooling system) for permanent synchronous motors in EVs. A systematic design methodology for oil jet nozzles and housing oil channels is investigated, determining the average convective heat transfer coefficient on end-winding surfaces and the heat dissipation factor of the oil channels. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate the thermal field of a 48-slot 8-pole oil-cooled motor, with further analysis on the effects of oil temperature and flow rate on motor temperature. Based on these findings, an optimized oil-cooled structure is proposed, demonstrating enhanced thermal management efficiency. The results provide valuable references for the design of cooling systems in oil-cooled motors for EV applications.
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issn 1996-1073
language English
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-e03ef08d65ad4415827cd3e1f66aed092025-08-20T02:24:43ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812313410.3390/en18123134Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric VehiclesShijun Chen0Cheng Miao1Xinyu Chen2Wei Qian3Songchao Chu4School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, ChinaSchool of Electronic Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, ChinaAnhui Tongfeng Electronics Co., Ltd., Tongling 244000, ChinaPermanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (EVs) prioritize high power density and lightweight design, leading to elevated thermal flux density. Consequently, cooling methods and heat conduction in stator windings become critical. This paper proposes a compound cooling structure combining direct oil spray cooling on stator windings and housing oil channel cooling (referred to as the winding–housing composite oil cooling system) for permanent synchronous motors in EVs. A systematic design methodology for oil jet nozzles and housing oil channels is investigated, determining the average convective heat transfer coefficient on end-winding surfaces and the heat dissipation factor of the oil channels. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate the thermal field of a 48-slot 8-pole oil-cooled motor, with further analysis on the effects of oil temperature and flow rate on motor temperature. Based on these findings, an optimized oil-cooled structure is proposed, demonstrating enhanced thermal management efficiency. The results provide valuable references for the design of cooling systems in oil-cooled motors for EV applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3134permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (PMSMs-EVs)oil-cooled motorsoil jet nozzleshousing oil channelsoil temperature and flow rate
spellingShingle Shijun Chen
Cheng Miao
Xinyu Chen
Wei Qian
Songchao Chu
Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
Energies
permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (PMSMs-EVs)
oil-cooled motors
oil jet nozzles
housing oil channels
oil temperature and flow rate
title Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
title_full Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
title_fullStr Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
title_short Research on the Oil Cooling Structure Design Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles
title_sort research on the oil cooling structure design method of permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles
topic permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles (PMSMs-EVs)
oil-cooled motors
oil jet nozzles
housing oil channels
oil temperature and flow rate
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3134
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AT xinyuchen researchontheoilcoolingstructuredesignmethodofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorsforelectricvehicles
AT weiqian researchontheoilcoolingstructuredesignmethodofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorsforelectricvehicles
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