Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.

We have successfully delivered a reactive alkylating agent, chlorambucil (Cbl), to the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we characterize the mechanism of cell death for mitochondria-targeted chlorambucil (mt-Cbl) in vitro and assess its efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of leukemia. Using a ρ...

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Main Authors: Rida Mourtada, Sonali B Fonseca, Simon P Wisnovsky, Mark P Pereira, Xiaoming Wang, Rose Hurren, Jeremy Parfitt, Lesley Larsen, Robin A J Smith, Michael P Murphy, Aaron D Schimmer, Shana O Kelley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0060253&type=printable
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author Rida Mourtada
Sonali B Fonseca
Simon P Wisnovsky
Mark P Pereira
Xiaoming Wang
Rose Hurren
Jeremy Parfitt
Lesley Larsen
Robin A J Smith
Michael P Murphy
Aaron D Schimmer
Shana O Kelley
author_facet Rida Mourtada
Sonali B Fonseca
Simon P Wisnovsky
Mark P Pereira
Xiaoming Wang
Rose Hurren
Jeremy Parfitt
Lesley Larsen
Robin A J Smith
Michael P Murphy
Aaron D Schimmer
Shana O Kelley
author_sort Rida Mourtada
collection DOAJ
description We have successfully delivered a reactive alkylating agent, chlorambucil (Cbl), to the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we characterize the mechanism of cell death for mitochondria-targeted chlorambucil (mt-Cbl) in vitro and assess its efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of leukemia. Using a ρ° cell model, we show that mt-Cbl toxicity is not dependent on mitochondrial DNA damage. We also illustrate that re-targeting Cbl to mitochondria results in a shift in the cell death mechanism from apoptosis to necrosis, and that this behavior is a general feature of mitochondria-targeted Cbl. Despite the change in cell death mechanisms, we show that mt-Cbl is still effective in vivo and has an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to the parent drug. These findings illustrate that mitochondrial rerouting changes the site of action of Cbl and also alters the cell death mechanism drastically without compromising in vivo efficacy. Thus, mitochondrial delivery allows the exploitation of Cbl as a promiscuous mitochondrial protein inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.
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spelling doaj-art-e03cf7fdc1eb452ebcf2372fb72dfd812025-08-20T02:30:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0184e6025310.1371/journal.pone.0060253Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.Rida MourtadaSonali B FonsecaSimon P WisnovskyMark P PereiraXiaoming WangRose HurrenJeremy ParfittLesley LarsenRobin A J SmithMichael P MurphyAaron D SchimmerShana O KelleyWe have successfully delivered a reactive alkylating agent, chlorambucil (Cbl), to the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Here, we characterize the mechanism of cell death for mitochondria-targeted chlorambucil (mt-Cbl) in vitro and assess its efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of leukemia. Using a ρ° cell model, we show that mt-Cbl toxicity is not dependent on mitochondrial DNA damage. We also illustrate that re-targeting Cbl to mitochondria results in a shift in the cell death mechanism from apoptosis to necrosis, and that this behavior is a general feature of mitochondria-targeted Cbl. Despite the change in cell death mechanisms, we show that mt-Cbl is still effective in vivo and has an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to the parent drug. These findings illustrate that mitochondrial rerouting changes the site of action of Cbl and also alters the cell death mechanism drastically without compromising in vivo efficacy. Thus, mitochondrial delivery allows the exploitation of Cbl as a promiscuous mitochondrial protein inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0060253&type=printable
spellingShingle Rida Mourtada
Sonali B Fonseca
Simon P Wisnovsky
Mark P Pereira
Xiaoming Wang
Rose Hurren
Jeremy Parfitt
Lesley Larsen
Robin A J Smith
Michael P Murphy
Aaron D Schimmer
Shana O Kelley
Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
PLoS ONE
title Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
title_full Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
title_fullStr Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
title_full_unstemmed Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
title_short Re-directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism.
title_sort re directing an alkylating agent to mitochondria alters drug target and cell death mechanism
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0060253&type=printable
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