Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success

Urban free-roaming cats present challenges like noise, urination, defecation, property damage, public health risks, and wildlife predation. Traditional enforcement methods, such as containment laws and impounding, are ineffective, especially in low-income areas, where many free-roaming cats live. Th...

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Main Authors: Jennifer Cotterell, Jacquie Rand, Rebekah Scotney
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1083
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author Jennifer Cotterell
Jacquie Rand
Rebekah Scotney
author_facet Jennifer Cotterell
Jacquie Rand
Rebekah Scotney
author_sort Jennifer Cotterell
collection DOAJ
description Urban free-roaming cats present challenges like noise, urination, defecation, property damage, public health risks, and wildlife predation. Traditional enforcement methods, such as containment laws and impounding, are ineffective, especially in low-income areas, where many free-roaming cats live. These cats are often cared for by “semi-owners”, who feed them without formal ownership. Financial barriers to sterilization for owned and semi-owned cats in these areas result in unplanned litters, sustaining the free-roaming population and burdening local authorities and animal welfare organizations. Cats causing complaints are frequently impounded and euthanized, affecting the mental health of veterinary, shelter, and council staff. This paper critiques punitive, compliance-driven strategies and highlights the success of assistive Community Cat Programs offering free sterilization, microchipping, and registration. In Banyule, Victoria, such a program reduced cat impoundments by 66%, euthanasia by 82%, and complaints by 36% between 2013 and 2021. Two other programs in large cities and rural towns in NSW and a rural town in Queensland have now reported similar results. Based on the One Welfare framework, these programs address the interconnectedness of animal welfare, human well-being, and environmental health. By removing financial barriers, they build trust between authorities and caregivers, improving compliance and welfare for cats, communities, and wildlife. However, following the loss of key program staff and the reintroduction of financial barriers in Banyule, cat intake rose by 140% between 2022 and 2024, demonstrating the detrimental impact of financial barriers and punitive approaches. This underscores the importance of sustained, community-based solutions and legislative reforms that prioritize humane, barrier-free strategies. Understanding the critical success factors for Community Cat Programs is essential for effective cat management.
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spelling doaj-art-e03be7c162354dcbb185e52ef3ac91442025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-04-01158108310.3390/ani15081083Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for SuccessJennifer Cotterell0Jacquie Rand1Rebekah Scotney2Australian Pet Welfare Foundation, Kenmore, QLD 4064, AustraliaAustralian Pet Welfare Foundation, Kenmore, QLD 4064, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaUrban free-roaming cats present challenges like noise, urination, defecation, property damage, public health risks, and wildlife predation. Traditional enforcement methods, such as containment laws and impounding, are ineffective, especially in low-income areas, where many free-roaming cats live. These cats are often cared for by “semi-owners”, who feed them without formal ownership. Financial barriers to sterilization for owned and semi-owned cats in these areas result in unplanned litters, sustaining the free-roaming population and burdening local authorities and animal welfare organizations. Cats causing complaints are frequently impounded and euthanized, affecting the mental health of veterinary, shelter, and council staff. This paper critiques punitive, compliance-driven strategies and highlights the success of assistive Community Cat Programs offering free sterilization, microchipping, and registration. In Banyule, Victoria, such a program reduced cat impoundments by 66%, euthanasia by 82%, and complaints by 36% between 2013 and 2021. Two other programs in large cities and rural towns in NSW and a rural town in Queensland have now reported similar results. Based on the One Welfare framework, these programs address the interconnectedness of animal welfare, human well-being, and environmental health. By removing financial barriers, they build trust between authorities and caregivers, improving compliance and welfare for cats, communities, and wildlife. However, following the loss of key program staff and the reintroduction of financial barriers in Banyule, cat intake rose by 140% between 2022 and 2024, demonstrating the detrimental impact of financial barriers and punitive approaches. This underscores the importance of sustained, community-based solutions and legislative reforms that prioritize humane, barrier-free strategies. Understanding the critical success factors for Community Cat Programs is essential for effective cat management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1083urban cat managementfree-roaming catsenforcementassistive approachcommunity engagementcat sterilization
spellingShingle Jennifer Cotterell
Jacquie Rand
Rebekah Scotney
Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
Animals
urban cat management
free-roaming cats
enforcement
assistive approach
community engagement
cat sterilization
title Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
title_full Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
title_fullStr Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
title_full_unstemmed Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
title_short Urban Cat Management in Australia—Evidence-Based Strategies for Success
title_sort urban cat management in australia evidence based strategies for success
topic urban cat management
free-roaming cats
enforcement
assistive approach
community engagement
cat sterilization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1083
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