Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller

Abstract The microgrid (MG) faces significant security issues due to the two-way power and information flow. Integrating an Energy Management System (EMS) to balance energy supply and demand in Malaysian microgrids, this study designs a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that considers intermittent renewa...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Tarek Abedin, Nur Aini Samsudin, Jana Petrů, Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, T. M. Yunus Khan, Muhammad Nasir Bashir, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Boon Kar Yap, Tiong Sieh Kiong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82360-4
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author Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
Tarek Abedin
Nur Aini Samsudin
Jana Petrů
Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
T. M. Yunus Khan
Muhammad Nasir Bashir
Mohammad Aminul Islam
Boon Kar Yap
Tiong Sieh Kiong
author_facet Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
Tarek Abedin
Nur Aini Samsudin
Jana Petrů
Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
T. M. Yunus Khan
Muhammad Nasir Bashir
Mohammad Aminul Islam
Boon Kar Yap
Tiong Sieh Kiong
author_sort Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The microgrid (MG) faces significant security issues due to the two-way power and information flow. Integrating an Energy Management System (EMS) to balance energy supply and demand in Malaysian microgrids, this study designs a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that considers intermittent renewable sources and fluctuating demand patterns. FLC offers a flexible solution to energy scheduling effectively assessed by MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The microgrid consists of PV, battery, grid, and load. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller helps to extract the maximum PV output and manages the power storage by providing or absorbing excess power. System analysis is performed by observing the State of Charge (SoC)of the battery and output power for each source. The grid supplies additional power if the battery and PV fail to meet the load demand. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analysis compares the performance of the Proportional-Integral Controller (PIC) and FLC. The results show that the PI controller design reduces the THD in the current signal, while FLC does not reduce the THD of the grid current when used in the EMS. However, FLC offers better control over the battery’s SOC, effectively preventing overcharging and over-discharging. While PI reduces THD, FLC provides superior SOC control in a system comprising PV, battery, grid, and load. The findings demonstrate that the output current is zero when the SOC is higher than 80% or lower than 20%, signifying that no charging or discharging takes place to avoid overcharging and over-discharging. The third goal was accomplished by comparing and confirming that the grid current’s THD for the EMS designed with both the PI Controller and the FLC is maintained below 5%, following the IEEE 519 harmonic standard, using the THD block in MATLAB Simulink. This analysis highlights FLC’s potential to address demand-supply mismatches and renewable energy variability, which is crucial for optimizing microgrid performance.
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spelling doaj-art-e03b9cccfbe94ee1944f71c905eff66d2025-08-20T02:36:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-024-82360-4Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controllerMohammad Nur-E-Alam0Tarek Abedin1Nur Aini Samsudin2Jana Petrů3Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi4Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar5T. M. Yunus Khan6Muhammad Nasir Bashir7Mohammad Aminul Islam8Boon Kar Yap9Tiong Sieh Kiong10Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITENInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITENInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITENDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠBTechnical University of OstravaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityCollege of Engineering, Lishui UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠBTechnical University of OstravaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti MalayaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITENInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITENAbstract The microgrid (MG) faces significant security issues due to the two-way power and information flow. Integrating an Energy Management System (EMS) to balance energy supply and demand in Malaysian microgrids, this study designs a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that considers intermittent renewable sources and fluctuating demand patterns. FLC offers a flexible solution to energy scheduling effectively assessed by MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The microgrid consists of PV, battery, grid, and load. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller helps to extract the maximum PV output and manages the power storage by providing or absorbing excess power. System analysis is performed by observing the State of Charge (SoC)of the battery and output power for each source. The grid supplies additional power if the battery and PV fail to meet the load demand. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analysis compares the performance of the Proportional-Integral Controller (PIC) and FLC. The results show that the PI controller design reduces the THD in the current signal, while FLC does not reduce the THD of the grid current when used in the EMS. However, FLC offers better control over the battery’s SOC, effectively preventing overcharging and over-discharging. While PI reduces THD, FLC provides superior SOC control in a system comprising PV, battery, grid, and load. The findings demonstrate that the output current is zero when the SOC is higher than 80% or lower than 20%, signifying that no charging or discharging takes place to avoid overcharging and over-discharging. The third goal was accomplished by comparing and confirming that the grid current’s THD for the EMS designed with both the PI Controller and the FLC is maintained below 5%, following the IEEE 519 harmonic standard, using the THD block in MATLAB Simulink. This analysis highlights FLC’s potential to address demand-supply mismatches and renewable energy variability, which is crucial for optimizing microgrid performance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82360-4Fuzzy logic controllerEnergy management systemMicrogridMATLAB simulink
spellingShingle Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
Tarek Abedin
Nur Aini Samsudin
Jana Petrů
Abdulwasa Bakr Barnawi
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
T. M. Yunus Khan
Muhammad Nasir Bashir
Mohammad Aminul Islam
Boon Kar Yap
Tiong Sieh Kiong
Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
Scientific Reports
Fuzzy logic controller
Energy management system
Microgrid
MATLAB simulink
title Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
title_full Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
title_fullStr Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
title_short Optimization of energy management in Malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic-based EMS scheduling controller
title_sort optimization of energy management in malaysian microgrids using fuzzy logic based ems scheduling controller
topic Fuzzy logic controller
Energy management system
Microgrid
MATLAB simulink
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82360-4
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