Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O)
A key factor in the widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the need for comprehensive stability analysis, particularly under real-world outdoor conditions across diverse global locations. However, a simple and reliable encapsulation strategy for outdoor stability analysis t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing LLC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | APL Energy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0270601 |
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| author | Kenedy Tabah Tanko Masoud Karimipour Rico Kieftenburg Alex Alcalá-Ibarra Mónica Lira-Cantú |
| author_facet | Kenedy Tabah Tanko Masoud Karimipour Rico Kieftenburg Alex Alcalá-Ibarra Mónica Lira-Cantú |
| author_sort | Kenedy Tabah Tanko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A key factor in the widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the need for comprehensive stability analysis, particularly under real-world outdoor conditions across diverse global locations. However, a simple and reliable encapsulation strategy for outdoor stability analysis that can be implemented at the laboratory level is currently missing, hindering progress in the study of PSC lifetime. In this work, we present a simple and effective two-step strategy to encapsulate laboratory-scale PSCs at room temperature, applying commercially available epoxies. We have examined nine epoxies, including single and bicomponent epoxies, as well as air-curing and UV-curing epoxies. The possible reaction of the epoxy’s fumes with the halide perovskite during epoxy curing was monitored by means of XRD analyses, SEM imaging, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as via stability assessment of devices following ISOS protocols. The encapsulation method was analyzed in different types of PSCs, including normal n-i-p configuration applying Au and carbon electrodes, and inverted p-i-n configuration with Ag contacts. The devices, both in normal and inverted configurations, were also analyzed at different locations (Spain, Israel, and Germany), showing impressive stability under the ISOS-O protocol, demonstrating its viability for the analysis of lab-scale PSC devices. We hope that the disclosure of this encapsulation strategy will permit the PSC community to carry out extensive lifetime stability analyses, allowing the advancement of the PSC technology and its commercialization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0371c44140b455eadbe3260b3154efa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2770-9000 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APL Energy |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0371c44140b455eadbe3260b3154efa2025-08-20T03:28:47ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Energy2770-90002025-06-0132026109026109-1210.1063/5.0270601Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O)Kenedy Tabah Tanko0Masoud Karimipour1Rico Kieftenburg2Alex Alcalá-Ibarra3Mónica Lira-Cantú4Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainA key factor in the widespread commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the need for comprehensive stability analysis, particularly under real-world outdoor conditions across diverse global locations. However, a simple and reliable encapsulation strategy for outdoor stability analysis that can be implemented at the laboratory level is currently missing, hindering progress in the study of PSC lifetime. In this work, we present a simple and effective two-step strategy to encapsulate laboratory-scale PSCs at room temperature, applying commercially available epoxies. We have examined nine epoxies, including single and bicomponent epoxies, as well as air-curing and UV-curing epoxies. The possible reaction of the epoxy’s fumes with the halide perovskite during epoxy curing was monitored by means of XRD analyses, SEM imaging, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as via stability assessment of devices following ISOS protocols. The encapsulation method was analyzed in different types of PSCs, including normal n-i-p configuration applying Au and carbon electrodes, and inverted p-i-n configuration with Ag contacts. The devices, both in normal and inverted configurations, were also analyzed at different locations (Spain, Israel, and Germany), showing impressive stability under the ISOS-O protocol, demonstrating its viability for the analysis of lab-scale PSC devices. We hope that the disclosure of this encapsulation strategy will permit the PSC community to carry out extensive lifetime stability analyses, allowing the advancement of the PSC technology and its commercialization.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0270601 |
| spellingShingle | Kenedy Tabah Tanko Masoud Karimipour Rico Kieftenburg Alex Alcalá-Ibarra Mónica Lira-Cantú Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) APL Energy |
| title | Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) |
| title_full | Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) |
| title_fullStr | Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) |
| title_short | Epoxy-based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment (ISOS-O) |
| title_sort | epoxy based encapsulation of halide perovskite solar cells for outdoor stability assessment isos o |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0270601 |
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