Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions

The fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method is employed to investigate the atomic properties of the ground configuration $4p^{2}$ of Ge-like highly charged ions (HCIs). These properties include energy levels, magnetic dipole ( $M1$ ) and electric quadrupole ( $E2$ ) transiti...

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Main Authors: Cunqiang Wu, Xiaobin Ding, Chenzhong Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:New Journal of Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46e
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author Cunqiang Wu
Xiaobin Ding
Chenzhong Dong
author_facet Cunqiang Wu
Xiaobin Ding
Chenzhong Dong
author_sort Cunqiang Wu
collection DOAJ
description The fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method is employed to investigate the atomic properties of the ground configuration $4p^{2}$ of Ge-like highly charged ions (HCIs). These properties include energy levels, magnetic dipole ( $M1$ ) and electric quadrupole ( $E2$ ) transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé g _J factors, hyperfine structure constants, and other physical quantities relevant to clock transitions. The influence of electron correlation effects from different electronic shells on atomic properties is examined in detail using the active space method. The finite nuclear size effect, Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamics effect have also been appropriately considered. The computed results demonstrate excellent agreement with available experimental and theoretical data. Notably, our results reveal that the 3 d electron shells play a critical role in determine the energy, wave functions, and atomic properties of ions with low ionization degree. This implies that accounting for the considerable contribution of inner-shell electron in the calculations of such ions will improve the accuracy of theoretical modeling. Through an analysis on the properties of relevant ions, we find that the $M1$ and $E2$ transitions of selected HCIs exhibit suitable clock transition wavelengths, narrow natural linewidths, high quality factors, and high sensitivity to variations in the fine structure constant α . These ions hold significant potential for applications in the development of optical clocks and the investigation of potential variation of fine structure constant.
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spelling doaj-art-e0302a53b17448aa8aa8dd2dfe041c1f2025-08-20T03:16:11ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302025-01-0127606320110.1088/1367-2630/ade46eTheoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ionsCunqiang Wu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6840Xiaobin Ding1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-3206Chenzhong Dong2Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Laser Plasma Spectroscopy , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China; Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Laser Plasma Spectroscopy , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China; Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics , Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of ChinaThe fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method is employed to investigate the atomic properties of the ground configuration $4p^{2}$ of Ge-like highly charged ions (HCIs). These properties include energy levels, magnetic dipole ( $M1$ ) and electric quadrupole ( $E2$ ) transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé g _J factors, hyperfine structure constants, and other physical quantities relevant to clock transitions. The influence of electron correlation effects from different electronic shells on atomic properties is examined in detail using the active space method. The finite nuclear size effect, Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamics effect have also been appropriately considered. The computed results demonstrate excellent agreement with available experimental and theoretical data. Notably, our results reveal that the 3 d electron shells play a critical role in determine the energy, wave functions, and atomic properties of ions with low ionization degree. This implies that accounting for the considerable contribution of inner-shell electron in the calculations of such ions will improve the accuracy of theoretical modeling. Through an analysis on the properties of relevant ions, we find that the $M1$ and $E2$ transitions of selected HCIs exhibit suitable clock transition wavelengths, narrow natural linewidths, high quality factors, and high sensitivity to variations in the fine structure constant α . These ions hold significant potential for applications in the development of optical clocks and the investigation of potential variation of fine structure constant.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46eenergy levelstransition wavelengths and probabilitieshyperfine structure constantsLandé gJ factorsclock transitionsGe-like highly charged ions
spellingShingle Cunqiang Wu
Xiaobin Ding
Chenzhong Dong
Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
New Journal of Physics
energy levels
transition wavelengths and probabilities
hyperfine structure constants
Landé gJ factors
clock transitions
Ge-like highly charged ions
title Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
title_full Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
title_fullStr Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
title_full_unstemmed Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
title_short Theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities, Landé gJ factors, and sensitivity to fundamental constants of Ge-like highly charged ions
title_sort theoretical study on the transition wavelengths and probabilities lande gj factors and sensitivity to fundamental constants of ge like highly charged ions
topic energy levels
transition wavelengths and probabilities
hyperfine structure constants
Landé gJ factors
clock transitions
Ge-like highly charged ions
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46e
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AT xiaobinding theoreticalstudyonthetransitionwavelengthsandprobabilitieslandegjfactorsandsensitivitytofundamentalconstantsofgelikehighlychargedions
AT chenzhongdong theoreticalstudyonthetransitionwavelengthsandprobabilitieslandegjfactorsandsensitivitytofundamentalconstantsofgelikehighlychargedions