Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers

Over the last few years, there has been much effort put into the development and validation of stochastic models of the trajectories of swarming insects. These models typically assume that the positions and velocities of swarming insects can be represented by continuous jointly Markovian processes....

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Main Author: Andy Reynolds
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Biomimetics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/11/660
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author Andy Reynolds
author_facet Andy Reynolds
author_sort Andy Reynolds
collection DOAJ
description Over the last few years, there has been much effort put into the development and validation of stochastic models of the trajectories of swarming insects. These models typically assume that the positions and velocities of swarming insects can be represented by continuous jointly Markovian processes. These models are first-order autoregressive processes. In more sophisticated models, second-order autoregressive processes, the positions, velocities, and accelerations of swarming insects are collectively Markovian. Although it is mathematically conceivable that this hierarchy of stochastic models could be extended to higher orders, here I show that such a procedure would not be well-based biologically because some terms in these models represent processes that have the potential to destabilize insect flight dynamics. This prediction is supported by an analysis of pre-existing data for laboratory swarms of the non-biting midge <i>Chironomus riparius</i>. I suggest that the Reynolds number is a finely tuned property of swarming, as swarms may disintegrate at both sufficiently low and sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.
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spelling doaj-art-e02dbc8bffd84c0bb010c1de8816ce402025-08-20T02:28:07ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732024-10-0191166010.3390/biomimetics9110660Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds NumbersAndy Reynolds0Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UKOver the last few years, there has been much effort put into the development and validation of stochastic models of the trajectories of swarming insects. These models typically assume that the positions and velocities of swarming insects can be represented by continuous jointly Markovian processes. These models are first-order autoregressive processes. In more sophisticated models, second-order autoregressive processes, the positions, velocities, and accelerations of swarming insects are collectively Markovian. Although it is mathematically conceivable that this hierarchy of stochastic models could be extended to higher orders, here I show that such a procedure would not be well-based biologically because some terms in these models represent processes that have the potential to destabilize insect flight dynamics. This prediction is supported by an analysis of pre-existing data for laboratory swarms of the non-biting midge <i>Chironomus riparius</i>. I suggest that the Reynolds number is a finely tuned property of swarming, as swarms may disintegrate at both sufficiently low and sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/11/660collective motionswarmingstochastic modellingturbulenceReynolds numbers
spellingShingle Andy Reynolds
Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
Biomimetics
collective motion
swarming
stochastic modelling
turbulence
Reynolds numbers
title Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
title_full Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
title_fullStr Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
title_full_unstemmed Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
title_short Swarming Insects May Have Finely Tuned Characteristic Reynolds Numbers
title_sort swarming insects may have finely tuned characteristic reynolds numbers
topic collective motion
swarming
stochastic modelling
turbulence
Reynolds numbers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/11/660
work_keys_str_mv AT andyreynolds swarminginsectsmayhavefinelytunedcharacteristicreynoldsnumbers