Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy

Background. <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is a common protozoan found in the gastrointestinal tract, typically existing as a non-pathogenic organism in humans and other animals. However, it can become pathogenic when the immune system is compromised due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or other p...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marianna Ascierto, Annalisa Chianese, Francesco Foglia, Emiliana Finamore, Luciana Petrullo, Carla Zannella, Anna De Filippis, Maria Grazia Coppola, Massimiliano Galdiero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Pathogens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/425
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850256478555865088
author Marianna Ascierto
Annalisa Chianese
Francesco Foglia
Emiliana Finamore
Luciana Petrullo
Carla Zannella
Anna De Filippis
Maria Grazia Coppola
Massimiliano Galdiero
author_facet Marianna Ascierto
Annalisa Chianese
Francesco Foglia
Emiliana Finamore
Luciana Petrullo
Carla Zannella
Anna De Filippis
Maria Grazia Coppola
Massimiliano Galdiero
author_sort Marianna Ascierto
collection DOAJ
description Background. <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is a common protozoan found in the gastrointestinal tract, typically existing as a non-pathogenic organism in humans and other animals. However, it can become pathogenic when the immune system is compromised due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or other parasitic infections, as well as systemic conditions, leading to symptomatic blastocystosis. Methods. Fecal samples were collected from patients at the University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and Cotugno Hospital in Naples. Among these samples, those that tested positive for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and were associated with other microbial infections were further analyzed. Bacterial co-infections were identified using immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Viral infections were detected using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), while fungal infections were diagnosed through microscopic examination and molecular biology techniques. Additionally, co-infections with other parasites were identified through microscopic analysis after Ridley’s concentration and Giemsa staining (O&P). Results. Out of the 2050 stool samples collected, 121 were positive for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., of which 75 were associated with other infections. We identified the vacuolar form in patients co-infected with bacteria (<i>n</i> = 22), viruses (<i>n</i> = 30), fungi (<i>n</i> = 3), and other parasites (<i>n</i> = 20). Conclusions. Our findings indicated a higher incidence of the vacuolar form of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in symptomatic and immunocompromised patients, suggesting that a weakened immune system may increase the risk of contracting Blastocystis and other microbial infections.
format Article
id doaj-art-e024d20202454e14a3f880881b28c630
institution OA Journals
issn 2076-0817
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Pathogens
spelling doaj-art-e024d20202454e14a3f880881b28c6302025-08-20T01:56:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-04-0114542510.3390/pathogens14050425Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, ItalyMarianna Ascierto0Annalisa Chianese1Francesco Foglia2Emiliana Finamore3Luciana Petrullo4Carla Zannella5Anna De Filippis6Maria Grazia Coppola7Massimiliano Galdiero8Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyUnit of Microbiology, Cotugno Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyUnit of Microbiology, Cotugno Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyBackground. <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is a common protozoan found in the gastrointestinal tract, typically existing as a non-pathogenic organism in humans and other animals. However, it can become pathogenic when the immune system is compromised due to bacterial, viral, fungal, or other parasitic infections, as well as systemic conditions, leading to symptomatic blastocystosis. Methods. Fecal samples were collected from patients at the University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and Cotugno Hospital in Naples. Among these samples, those that tested positive for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and were associated with other microbial infections were further analyzed. Bacterial co-infections were identified using immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Viral infections were detected using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), while fungal infections were diagnosed through microscopic examination and molecular biology techniques. Additionally, co-infections with other parasites were identified through microscopic analysis after Ridley’s concentration and Giemsa staining (O&P). Results. Out of the 2050 stool samples collected, 121 were positive for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp., of which 75 were associated with other infections. We identified the vacuolar form in patients co-infected with bacteria (<i>n</i> = 22), viruses (<i>n</i> = 30), fungi (<i>n</i> = 3), and other parasites (<i>n</i> = 20). Conclusions. Our findings indicated a higher incidence of the vacuolar form of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. in symptomatic and immunocompromised patients, suggesting that a weakened immune system may increase the risk of contracting Blastocystis and other microbial infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/425blastocystosisparasitesgastrointestinal parasitic infectionsenteric pathogens
spellingShingle Marianna Ascierto
Annalisa Chianese
Francesco Foglia
Emiliana Finamore
Luciana Petrullo
Carla Zannella
Anna De Filippis
Maria Grazia Coppola
Massimiliano Galdiero
Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
Pathogens
blastocystosis
parasites
gastrointestinal parasitic infections
enteric pathogens
title Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
title_full Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
title_fullStr Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
title_short Prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Patients Admitted to Research Hospitals in Campania Region, Italy
title_sort prevalence of i blastocystis i spp and other gastrointestinal pathogens among patients admitted to research hospitals in campania region italy
topic blastocystosis
parasites
gastrointestinal parasitic infections
enteric pathogens
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/425
work_keys_str_mv AT mariannaascierto prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT annalisachianese prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT francescofoglia prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT emilianafinamore prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT lucianapetrullo prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT carlazannella prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT annadefilippis prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT mariagraziacoppola prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly
AT massimilianogaldiero prevalenceofiblastocystisisppandothergastrointestinalpathogensamongpatientsadmittedtoresearchhospitalsincampaniaregionitaly