Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease

Abstract With increased longevity after spinal cord injury (SCI), cardiovascular disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the association of body composition and injury level with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. Sixty-two individuals (69% male, 31% fem...

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Main Authors: Nicholas Dietz, Maxwell Boakye, Martin F. Bjurström, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Shirish Barve, Sriprakash Mokshagundam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13593-0
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author Nicholas Dietz
Maxwell Boakye
Martin F. Bjurström
Beatrice Ugiliweneza
Shirish Barve
Sriprakash Mokshagundam
author_facet Nicholas Dietz
Maxwell Boakye
Martin F. Bjurström
Beatrice Ugiliweneza
Shirish Barve
Sriprakash Mokshagundam
author_sort Nicholas Dietz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With increased longevity after spinal cord injury (SCI), cardiovascular disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the association of body composition and injury level with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. Sixty-two individuals (69% male, 31% female) with chronic SCI (mean duration 7.4, SD ± 5.8 years) were recruited. Mean age of participants was 34.4 ± 12.1 years with BMI of 23.8 ± 5, while 64% had BMI < 25 and 11% >30. Total and percent truncal fat correlated positively (p < 0.05) with serum triglycerides, non-high-density lipid cholesterol, c-reactive protein (CRP), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and measures of insulin resistance. Those with obesity in SCI (defined as BMI ≥ 22) had increased total and trunk mass and fat percentage, unfavorable lipid profiles and evidence of insulin insensitivity. Total fat was associated with CMD risk factors, including insulin resistance (OGTT 60 min r = 0.47, p < 0.05; homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] r = 0.62, p < 0.05), serum triglycerides (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), and inflammation (CRP r = 0.43, p < 0.05). Obesity in SCI related to higher CMD risk, while time since injury and injury level (paraplegia versus tetraplegia) did not. Future studies may evaluate roles of nutrition, exercise, sleep-promotion, and pharmaceuticals to lower neurogenic obesity and chronic CMD risk.
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spelling doaj-art-e023e4d4b5f24077a43a8e08014a1d892025-08-20T03:05:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-13593-0Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseaseNicholas Dietz0Maxwell Boakye1Martin F. Bjurström2Beatrice Ugiliweneza3Shirish Barve4Sriprakash Mokshagundam5Department of Neurosurgery, University of LouisvilleDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of LouisvilleDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Clinical Pain Research, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of LouisvilleDepartment of Medicine, University of LouisvilleDepartment of Endocrinology, University of LouisvilleAbstract With increased longevity after spinal cord injury (SCI), cardiovascular disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the association of body composition and injury level with cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. Sixty-two individuals (69% male, 31% female) with chronic SCI (mean duration 7.4, SD ± 5.8 years) were recruited. Mean age of participants was 34.4 ± 12.1 years with BMI of 23.8 ± 5, while 64% had BMI < 25 and 11% >30. Total and percent truncal fat correlated positively (p < 0.05) with serum triglycerides, non-high-density lipid cholesterol, c-reactive protein (CRP), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and measures of insulin resistance. Those with obesity in SCI (defined as BMI ≥ 22) had increased total and trunk mass and fat percentage, unfavorable lipid profiles and evidence of insulin insensitivity. Total fat was associated with CMD risk factors, including insulin resistance (OGTT 60 min r = 0.47, p < 0.05; homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] r = 0.62, p < 0.05), serum triglycerides (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), and inflammation (CRP r = 0.43, p < 0.05). Obesity in SCI related to higher CMD risk, while time since injury and injury level (paraplegia versus tetraplegia) did not. Future studies may evaluate roles of nutrition, exercise, sleep-promotion, and pharmaceuticals to lower neurogenic obesity and chronic CMD risk.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13593-0Traumatic spinal cord injuryMetabolismCardiometabolic disease
spellingShingle Nicholas Dietz
Maxwell Boakye
Martin F. Bjurström
Beatrice Ugiliweneza
Shirish Barve
Sriprakash Mokshagundam
Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
Scientific Reports
Traumatic spinal cord injury
Metabolism
Cardiometabolic disease
title Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
title_full Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
title_fullStr Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
title_full_unstemmed Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
title_short Obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
title_sort obesity in chronic spinal cord injury is associated with poorer body composition and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease
topic Traumatic spinal cord injury
Metabolism
Cardiometabolic disease
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13593-0
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