Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant burden in Iran. Limited research has investigated patterns of modifiable CVDs risk factors in Iran. This study aims to address this gap by identifying distinct patterns of modifiable...

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Main Authors: Hadis Salimi, Mohebat Vali, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari, Haleh Ghaem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08334-2
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author Hadis Salimi
Mohebat Vali
Abbas Rezaianzadeh
Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
Haleh Ghaem
author_facet Hadis Salimi
Mohebat Vali
Abbas Rezaianzadeh
Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
Haleh Ghaem
author_sort Hadis Salimi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant burden in Iran. Limited research has investigated patterns of modifiable CVDs risk factors in Iran. This study aims to address this gap by identifying distinct patterns of modifiable CVDs risk factors among adult aged + 40 and explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and risk factor patterns. This study was conducted using data from the Kherameh cohort study. The participants consisted of 9,422 individuals aged 40–70 years without CVDs. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent classes of modifiable CVD risk factors. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the relationship between latent classes (LCs) and demographic variables. Three latent classes were identified as follows: low-risk (42%), clinical-risk (52%) and lifestyle-risk (6%) classes. Female gender (Adjusted OR: 13.48, 95% CI: 11.81–15.39), older age (Adjusted OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99-1.35) and rural residence (Adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.86) had a greater risk of being in clinical-risk class compared to the low-risk class. Moreover, individuals of Fars ethnicity exhibited a significantly elevated risk of being classified in the clinical risk class for CVD (Adjusted OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.43) and they demonstrated a markedly higher risk of belonging to the lifestyle risk class (Adjusted OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.11–2.07). The study identified distinct latent classes of modifiable CVD risk factors and provided insights into their associations with demographic characteristics. Understanding risk patterns is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies and providing appropriate health protocols.
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spelling doaj-art-e023b9dcbc144a4b82606eecf9c85a352025-08-20T03:04:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-08334-2Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysisHadis Salimi0Mohebat Vali1Abbas Rezaianzadeh2Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari3Haleh Ghaem4Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical ScienceDepartment of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesColorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesBreast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant burden in Iran. Limited research has investigated patterns of modifiable CVDs risk factors in Iran. This study aims to address this gap by identifying distinct patterns of modifiable CVDs risk factors among adult aged + 40 and explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and risk factor patterns. This study was conducted using data from the Kherameh cohort study. The participants consisted of 9,422 individuals aged 40–70 years without CVDs. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent classes of modifiable CVD risk factors. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the relationship between latent classes (LCs) and demographic variables. Three latent classes were identified as follows: low-risk (42%), clinical-risk (52%) and lifestyle-risk (6%) classes. Female gender (Adjusted OR: 13.48, 95% CI: 11.81–15.39), older age (Adjusted OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99-1.35) and rural residence (Adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.86) had a greater risk of being in clinical-risk class compared to the low-risk class. Moreover, individuals of Fars ethnicity exhibited a significantly elevated risk of being classified in the clinical risk class for CVD (Adjusted OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.43) and they demonstrated a markedly higher risk of belonging to the lifestyle risk class (Adjusted OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.11–2.07). The study identified distinct latent classes of modifiable CVD risk factors and provided insights into their associations with demographic characteristics. Understanding risk patterns is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies and providing appropriate health protocols.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08334-2Cardiovascular diseasesRisk factorLatent class
spellingShingle Hadis Salimi
Mohebat Vali
Abbas Rezaianzadeh
Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
Haleh Ghaem
Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
Scientific Reports
Cardiovascular diseases
Risk factor
Latent class
title Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
title_full Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
title_fullStr Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
title_short Patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kheramah PERSION cohort population using a latent class analysis
title_sort patterns of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in kheramah persion cohort population using a latent class analysis
topic Cardiovascular diseases
Risk factor
Latent class
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08334-2
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