An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network

Material arriving at our solar system from the Galaxy may be detected on Earth in the form of meteors ablating in our atmosphere. Here, we report on a search for interstellar meteors within the highest-quality events in the Global Meteor Network (GMN) database. No events were detected that were conc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Paul Wiegert, Vanessa Tran, Cole Gregg, Denis Vida, Peter Brown
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc44f
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850036804429807616
author Paul Wiegert
Vanessa Tran
Cole Gregg
Denis Vida
Peter Brown
author_facet Paul Wiegert
Vanessa Tran
Cole Gregg
Denis Vida
Peter Brown
author_sort Paul Wiegert
collection DOAJ
description Material arriving at our solar system from the Galaxy may be detected on Earth in the form of meteors ablating in our atmosphere. Here, we report on a search for interstellar meteors within the highest-quality events in the Global Meteor Network (GMN) database. No events were detected that were conclusively hyperbolic with respect to the Sun; however, our search was not exhaustive and examined only the top 57% of events, with a deeper examination planned for future work. This study’s effective meteoroid mass limit is 6.6 ± 0.8 × 10 ^−5 kg (5 mm diameter at a density of 1000 kg m ^−3 ). Theoretical rates of interstellar meteors at these sizes range from 3 to 200 events globally per year. The highest rates can already be largely excluded by this study, while at the lowest rates, GMN would have to observe for 25 more years to be 50% confident of seeing at least one event. GMN is thus well-positioned to provide substantial constraints on the interstellar population at these sizes over the coming years. This study’s results are statistically compatible with a rate of interstellar meteors at the Earth at less than 1 per million meteoroid impacts at Earth at millimeter sizes, or a flux rate of less than 8 ± 2 × 10 ^−11 km ^−2 hr ^−1 at the 95% confidence level.
format Article
id doaj-art-e01ef10cd354402ca33c388e9b1df149
institution DOAJ
issn 1538-4357
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
record_format Article
series The Astrophysical Journal
spelling doaj-art-e01ef10cd354402ca33c388e9b1df1492025-08-20T02:57:02ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01984215110.3847/1538-4357/adc44fAn Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor NetworkPaul Wiegert0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1914-5352Vanessa Tran1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7887-1505Cole Gregg2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-7708Denis Vida3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-8704Peter Brown4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-7039Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada; Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario , London, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada; Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario , London, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada; Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario , London, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada; Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario , London, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada; Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario , London, CanadaMaterial arriving at our solar system from the Galaxy may be detected on Earth in the form of meteors ablating in our atmosphere. Here, we report on a search for interstellar meteors within the highest-quality events in the Global Meteor Network (GMN) database. No events were detected that were conclusively hyperbolic with respect to the Sun; however, our search was not exhaustive and examined only the top 57% of events, with a deeper examination planned for future work. This study’s effective meteoroid mass limit is 6.6 ± 0.8 × 10 ^−5 kg (5 mm diameter at a density of 1000 kg m ^−3 ). Theoretical rates of interstellar meteors at these sizes range from 3 to 200 events globally per year. The highest rates can already be largely excluded by this study, while at the lowest rates, GMN would have to observe for 25 more years to be 50% confident of seeing at least one event. GMN is thus well-positioned to provide substantial constraints on the interstellar population at these sizes over the coming years. This study’s results are statistically compatible with a rate of interstellar meteors at the Earth at less than 1 per million meteoroid impacts at Earth at millimeter sizes, or a flux rate of less than 8 ± 2 × 10 ^−11 km ^−2 hr ^−1 at the 95% confidence level.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc44fMeteorsInterstellar objects
spellingShingle Paul Wiegert
Vanessa Tran
Cole Gregg
Denis Vida
Peter Brown
An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
The Astrophysical Journal
Meteors
Interstellar objects
title An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
title_full An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
title_fullStr An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
title_full_unstemmed An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
title_short An Upper Limit on the Interstellar Meteoroid Flux at Video Sizes from the Global Meteor Network
title_sort upper limit on the interstellar meteoroid flux at video sizes from the global meteor network
topic Meteors
Interstellar objects
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc44f
work_keys_str_mv AT paulwiegert anupperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT vanessatran anupperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT colegregg anupperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT denisvida anupperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT peterbrown anupperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT paulwiegert upperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT vanessatran upperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT colegregg upperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT denisvida upperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork
AT peterbrown upperlimitontheinterstellarmeteoroidfluxatvideosizesfromtheglobalmeteornetwork