Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed
Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder seen in overhead athletes due to repetitive overhead activity at extreme ranges of motion. This causes capsuloligamentous and muscular microtrauma, leading to anterior capsule overstretching along with the...
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Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jojs.in/doi/JOJS/pdf/10.5005/jojs-10079-1125 |
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| author | Suresh Perumal |
| author_facet | Suresh Perumal |
| author_sort | Suresh Perumal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder seen in overhead athletes due to repetitive overhead activity at extreme ranges of motion. This causes capsuloligamentous and muscular microtrauma, leading to anterior capsule overstretching along with the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) and posterior capsular contracture. This is a performance adaptation to achieve greater ball speeds. Cricket fast bowling also involves a high workload of repetitive shoulder activity to propel the ball at faster speeds. Despite adequate literature on other overhead and throwing sports, there is a lack of literature on the prevalence of GIRD in fast bowling.
Objectives: The present study aims to estimate GIRD prevalence in Indian cricketers and investigate its relationship with bowling speed.
Materials and methods: Shoulder range of motion was assessed for 22 top-division-level male cricket bowlers in their dominant and nondominant sides, and the GIRD was estimated. Bowling speed was measured with a radar gun. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between shoulder range of movement and bowling speed.
Results: None of the bowlers in this study fit the diagnostic criteria for GIRD. The average loss of internal rotation was 5.68 ± 4.44°. Loss of internal rotation (IR) and bowling speed showed no correlation (coefficient 0.1671, <i>p</i>-value 0.45).
Conclusion: The sampled fast bowlers did not show features of GIRD, and there was no correlation with bowling speed. This could be explained by the large difference in the biomechanics of bowling compared to throwing and that bowling speed is also determined by various other factors such as run-up velocity, lower body kinetics, kinematics, etc.
Clinical significance: This information is valuable to sports medicine doctors and coaches, providing a better understanding of shoulder biomechanics in fast bowlers and its relationship with bowling speed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e01e04c9e19b40d0a6d8c79693ae221d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2582-7863 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher |
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| series | Journal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-e01e04c9e19b40d0a6d8c79693ae221d2025-02-07T11:17:47ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherJournal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery2582-78632024-01-0161171910.5005/jojs-10079-11253Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling SpeedSuresh Perumal0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-4465Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9994930186Background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder seen in overhead athletes due to repetitive overhead activity at extreme ranges of motion. This causes capsuloligamentous and muscular microtrauma, leading to anterior capsule overstretching along with the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) and posterior capsular contracture. This is a performance adaptation to achieve greater ball speeds. Cricket fast bowling also involves a high workload of repetitive shoulder activity to propel the ball at faster speeds. Despite adequate literature on other overhead and throwing sports, there is a lack of literature on the prevalence of GIRD in fast bowling. Objectives: The present study aims to estimate GIRD prevalence in Indian cricketers and investigate its relationship with bowling speed. Materials and methods: Shoulder range of motion was assessed for 22 top-division-level male cricket bowlers in their dominant and nondominant sides, and the GIRD was estimated. Bowling speed was measured with a radar gun. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between shoulder range of movement and bowling speed. Results: None of the bowlers in this study fit the diagnostic criteria for GIRD. The average loss of internal rotation was 5.68 ± 4.44°. Loss of internal rotation (IR) and bowling speed showed no correlation (coefficient 0.1671, <i>p</i>-value 0.45). Conclusion: The sampled fast bowlers did not show features of GIRD, and there was no correlation with bowling speed. This could be explained by the large difference in the biomechanics of bowling compared to throwing and that bowling speed is also determined by various other factors such as run-up velocity, lower body kinetics, kinematics, etc. Clinical significance: This information is valuable to sports medicine doctors and coaches, providing a better understanding of shoulder biomechanics in fast bowlers and its relationship with bowling speed.https://www.jojs.in/doi/JOJS/pdf/10.5005/jojs-10079-1125bowling speedfast bowlingglenohumeral internal rotation deficitinjuriesshoulder |
| spellingShingle | Suresh Perumal Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed Journal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery bowling speed fast bowling glenohumeral internal rotation deficit injuries shoulder |
| title | Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed |
| title_full | Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed |
| title_short | Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Fast Bowlers and Its Correlation with Bowling Speed |
| title_sort | prevalence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in fast bowlers and its correlation with bowling speed |
| topic | bowling speed fast bowling glenohumeral internal rotation deficit injuries shoulder |
| url | https://www.jojs.in/doi/JOJS/pdf/10.5005/jojs-10079-1125 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sureshperumal prevalenceofglenohumeralinternalrotationdeficitinfastbowlersanditscorrelationwithbowlingspeed |