Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but conventional gelation processes often struggle to achieve the precision and complexity required for advanced functionalities such as soft robotics, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This study introduces...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Gels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/67 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588450487861248 |
|---|---|
| author | Xueting Xuan Yi Li Xing Xu Zhouyi Pan Yu Li Yonghao Luo Li Sun |
| author_facet | Xueting Xuan Yi Li Xing Xu Zhouyi Pan Yu Li Yonghao Luo Li Sun |
| author_sort | Xueting Xuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but conventional gelation processes often struggle to achieve the precision and complexity required for advanced functionalities such as soft robotics, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This study introduces a class of 3D-printable magnetic hydrogels with tunable stiffness, adhesion, and magnetic responsiveness, prepared through a simple and efficient “one-pot” method. This approach enables precise control over the hydrogel’s mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus ranging from 43 kPa to 277 kPa, tensile strength from 93 kPa to 421 kPa, and toughness from 243 kJ/m<sup>3</sup> to 1400 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, achieved by modulating the concentrations of acrylamide (AM) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. These hydrogels exhibit rapid heating under an alternating magnetic field, reaching 44.4 °C within 600 s at 15 wt%, demonstrating the potential for use in mild magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the integration of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and nanoclay into the AM precursor optimizes the rheological properties and ensures high printability, enabling the fabrication of complex, high-fidelity structures through extrusion-based 3D printing. Compared to existing magnetic hydrogels, our 3D-printable platform uniquely combines adjustable mechanical properties, strong adhesion, and multifunctionality, offering enhanced capabilities for use in magnetic actuation and hyperthermia in biomedical applications. This advancement marks a significant step toward the scalable production of next-generation intelligent hydrogels for precision medicine and bioengineering. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e01c165d670244a19a4b20625325fc2d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-e01c165d670244a19a4b20625325fc2d2025-01-24T13:34:00ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-01-011116710.3390/gels11010067Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia ApplicationsXueting Xuan0Yi Li1Xing Xu2Zhouyi Pan3Yu Li4Yonghao Luo5Li Sun6School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaNanotechnology Research Institute, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Intelligent Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, ChinaNanotechnology Research Institute, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaNanotechnology Research Institute, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaKey Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832004, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USAStimuli-responsive hydrogels hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but conventional gelation processes often struggle to achieve the precision and complexity required for advanced functionalities such as soft robotics, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This study introduces a class of 3D-printable magnetic hydrogels with tunable stiffness, adhesion, and magnetic responsiveness, prepared through a simple and efficient “one-pot” method. This approach enables precise control over the hydrogel’s mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus ranging from 43 kPa to 277 kPa, tensile strength from 93 kPa to 421 kPa, and toughness from 243 kJ/m<sup>3</sup> to 1400 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, achieved by modulating the concentrations of acrylamide (AM) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. These hydrogels exhibit rapid heating under an alternating magnetic field, reaching 44.4 °C within 600 s at 15 wt%, demonstrating the potential for use in mild magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the integration of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and nanoclay into the AM precursor optimizes the rheological properties and ensures high printability, enabling the fabrication of complex, high-fidelity structures through extrusion-based 3D printing. Compared to existing magnetic hydrogels, our 3D-printable platform uniquely combines adjustable mechanical properties, strong adhesion, and multifunctionality, offering enhanced capabilities for use in magnetic actuation and hyperthermia in biomedical applications. This advancement marks a significant step toward the scalable production of next-generation intelligent hydrogels for precision medicine and bioengineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/67multi-responsive hydrogelmagnetic hydrogel3D-printed hydrogel structures |
| spellingShingle | Xueting Xuan Yi Li Xing Xu Zhouyi Pan Yu Li Yonghao Luo Li Sun Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications Gels multi-responsive hydrogel magnetic hydrogel 3D-printed hydrogel structures |
| title | Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications |
| title_sort | three dimensional printable magnetic hydrogels with adjustable stiffness and adhesion for magnetic actuation and magnetic hyperthermia applications |
| topic | multi-responsive hydrogel magnetic hydrogel 3D-printed hydrogel structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/67 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuetingxuan threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT yili threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT xingxu threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT zhouyipan threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT yuli threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT yonghaoluo threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications AT lisun threedimensionalprintablemagnetichydrogelswithadjustablestiffnessandadhesionformagneticactuationandmagnetichyperthermiaapplications |