Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management
Background:. Arteriovenous malformations of the external ear are extremely rare but can have significant aesthetic and functional implications. These malformations often originate from disruptions in the embryological development of the external ear, presenting as swelling accompanied by a bruit, bl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006857 |
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| author | Abdullah M. Alhusain, MBBS Malak Alsaif, MBBS Ali M. Alkhathami, MBBS Sultan Alshaalan, MBBS Abdulaziz M. Alghamdi, MBBS Muhannad Alqirnas, MBBS Jullanar Alkhunein, MBBS Siham Alsalamah, MBBS Fatima Alhije, MBBS Fay Alaowid, MBBS Asma M. Zaki, MBBS, SB-Plast |
| author_facet | Abdullah M. Alhusain, MBBS Malak Alsaif, MBBS Ali M. Alkhathami, MBBS Sultan Alshaalan, MBBS Abdulaziz M. Alghamdi, MBBS Muhannad Alqirnas, MBBS Jullanar Alkhunein, MBBS Siham Alsalamah, MBBS Fatima Alhije, MBBS Fay Alaowid, MBBS Asma M. Zaki, MBBS, SB-Plast |
| author_sort | Abdullah M. Alhusain, MBBS |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:. Arteriovenous malformations of the external ear are extremely rare but can have significant aesthetic and functional implications. These malformations often originate from disruptions in the embryological development of the external ear, presenting as swelling accompanied by a bruit, bleeding, and a pulsatile mass. This systematic review aimed to examine the presentation, diagnosis, and management of congenital arteriovenous malformations of the external ear.
Methods:. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched, using keywords related to congenital vascular malformations of the external ear without time restriction until September 2024.
Results:. Sixteen studies involving 40 patients were included. The median age was 19 years, with a male predominance (n = 22, 55%). Clinical presentations frequently included swelling (n = 20, 50%) and bruit/thrill (n = 17, 42.5%). The Schobinger classification of most patients was classified as stage II (n = 27, 67.5%). Angiography (n = 28, 70%) was the most commonly used diagnostic modality. Ethanol embolization was the predominant treatment, followed by combined surgical excision and preoperative embolization. Complications included blistering and skin necrosis, with a recurrence rate of 7.4% over a median follow-up period of 15 months.
Conclusions:. Ethanol embolization is effective in managing auricular arteriovenous malformations with higher success rates compared with other management approaches. Future studies should aim to optimize embolization protocols and explore combined treatment approaches to improve outcomes for complex vascular malformations of the external ear. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e01a6dd86bd34e779cfe185fa18a176d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-7574 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-e01a6dd86bd34e779cfe185fa18a176d2025-08-20T03:47:21ZengWolters KluwerPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open2169-75742025-06-01136e685710.1097/GOX.0000000000006857202506000-00076Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and ManagementAbdullah M. Alhusain, MBBS0Malak Alsaif, MBBS1Ali M. Alkhathami, MBBS2Sultan Alshaalan, MBBS3Abdulaziz M. Alghamdi, MBBS4Muhannad Alqirnas, MBBS5Jullanar Alkhunein, MBBS6Siham Alsalamah, MBBS7Fatima Alhije, MBBS8Fay Alaowid, MBBS9Asma M. Zaki, MBBS, SB-Plast10From the * Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFrom the * Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFrom the * Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia‡ Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Dvision, King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia§ King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah Saudi Arabia¶ Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia∥ King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia∥ King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia** Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.∥ King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFrom the * Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBackground:. Arteriovenous malformations of the external ear are extremely rare but can have significant aesthetic and functional implications. These malformations often originate from disruptions in the embryological development of the external ear, presenting as swelling accompanied by a bruit, bleeding, and a pulsatile mass. This systematic review aimed to examine the presentation, diagnosis, and management of congenital arteriovenous malformations of the external ear. Methods:. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched, using keywords related to congenital vascular malformations of the external ear without time restriction until September 2024. Results:. Sixteen studies involving 40 patients were included. The median age was 19 years, with a male predominance (n = 22, 55%). Clinical presentations frequently included swelling (n = 20, 50%) and bruit/thrill (n = 17, 42.5%). The Schobinger classification of most patients was classified as stage II (n = 27, 67.5%). Angiography (n = 28, 70%) was the most commonly used diagnostic modality. Ethanol embolization was the predominant treatment, followed by combined surgical excision and preoperative embolization. Complications included blistering and skin necrosis, with a recurrence rate of 7.4% over a median follow-up period of 15 months. Conclusions:. Ethanol embolization is effective in managing auricular arteriovenous malformations with higher success rates compared with other management approaches. Future studies should aim to optimize embolization protocols and explore combined treatment approaches to improve outcomes for complex vascular malformations of the external ear.http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006857 |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah M. Alhusain, MBBS Malak Alsaif, MBBS Ali M. Alkhathami, MBBS Sultan Alshaalan, MBBS Abdulaziz M. Alghamdi, MBBS Muhannad Alqirnas, MBBS Jullanar Alkhunein, MBBS Siham Alsalamah, MBBS Fatima Alhije, MBBS Fay Alaowid, MBBS Asma M. Zaki, MBBS, SB-Plast Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| title | Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_full | Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_short | Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management |
| title_sort | vascular malformations of the external ear a systematic review of clinical presentation diagnosis and management |
| url | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006857 |
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