Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a group of nosocomial infections that includes a variety of different phenotypes of pneumonia. This heterogeneity, along with the time-dependent nature of the disease, contributes to the difficulty in determining its exact incidence and mortality, despite being o...

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Main Authors: Davide Calabretta, Claudia Accetturo, Antoni Torres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Publicaciones Permanyer 2025-04-01
Series:Barcelona Respiratory Network Reviews
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Online Access:https://www.brnreviews.com/frame_eng.php?id=274
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author Davide Calabretta
Claudia Accetturo
Antoni Torres
author_facet Davide Calabretta
Claudia Accetturo
Antoni Torres
author_sort Davide Calabretta
collection DOAJ
description Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a group of nosocomial infections that includes a variety of different phenotypes of pneumonia. This heterogeneity, along with the time-dependent nature of the disease, contributes to the difficulty in determining its exact incidence and mortality, despite being one of the most common and lethal hospital acquired infections, particularly in critically ill patients. Many cases of infection are sustained by multi-drug resistant pathogens and require rapid diagnosis and identification of the responsible pathogen and appropriate antibiotic treatment. This review aims to summarize the main evidence in the clinical management of HAP, focusing on the identification of risk factors, prevention, and innovations in the areas of diagnosis and treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-e019505568d24891932b93ad73253b572025-08-20T02:35:43ZengPublicaciones PermanyerBarcelona Respiratory Network Reviews2462-31722025-04-0111210.23866/BRNRev:2025-M0129Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxisDavide Calabretta0Claudia Accetturo1Antoni Torres2Applied Research in Respiratory Infections and Critical Illness, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ASST Ovest Milanese Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Milan, Italy;Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, ASST Ovest Milanese Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyPneumology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelna; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (Ciberes), SpainHospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a group of nosocomial infections that includes a variety of different phenotypes of pneumonia. This heterogeneity, along with the time-dependent nature of the disease, contributes to the difficulty in determining its exact incidence and mortality, despite being one of the most common and lethal hospital acquired infections, particularly in critically ill patients. Many cases of infection are sustained by multi-drug resistant pathogens and require rapid diagnosis and identification of the responsible pathogen and appropriate antibiotic treatment. This review aims to summarize the main evidence in the clinical management of HAP, focusing on the identification of risk factors, prevention, and innovations in the areas of diagnosis and treatment. https://www.brnreviews.com/frame_eng.php?id=274Hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ventilation-associated pneumonia. Multidrug resistance. Nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial treatment.
spellingShingle Davide Calabretta
Claudia Accetturo
Antoni Torres
Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
Barcelona Respiratory Network Reviews
Hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ventilation-associated pneumonia. Multidrug resistance. Nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial treatment.
title Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
title_full Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
title_fullStr Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
title_full_unstemmed Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
title_short Hospital-acquired pneumonia: risk factors and prognosis, microbial etiology, treatment, and prophylaxis
title_sort hospital acquired pneumonia risk factors and prognosis microbial etiology treatment and prophylaxis
topic Hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ventilation-associated pneumonia. Multidrug resistance. Nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial treatment.
url https://www.brnreviews.com/frame_eng.php?id=274
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