Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review

Variations in somatic genetic alterations can be observed across different cancer types and diverse populations. Understanding the frequency of oncogenic variants in specific populations helps elucidate carcinogenesis and risk factors, with somatic variants often serving as treatment markers. Data r...

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Main Authors: Talia Wegman-Ostrosky, Lucia Taja-Chayeb, Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón, Catalina Trejo-Becerril, Daniela Shveid Gerson, Isabel Espino-Gutiérrez, Andrea Gutiérrez-Lara, Andrés Yesid Bonilla Salcedo, Mistral Castellanos Mares, José Elias García-Ortiz, Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza, Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2025-05-01
Series:JCO Global Oncology
Online Access:https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00389
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author Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
Lucia Taja-Chayeb
Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
Catalina Trejo-Becerril
Daniela Shveid Gerson
Isabel Espino-Gutiérrez
Andrea Gutiérrez-Lara
Andrés Yesid Bonilla Salcedo
Mistral Castellanos Mares
José Elias García-Ortiz
Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
author_facet Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
Lucia Taja-Chayeb
Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
Catalina Trejo-Becerril
Daniela Shveid Gerson
Isabel Espino-Gutiérrez
Andrea Gutiérrez-Lara
Andrés Yesid Bonilla Salcedo
Mistral Castellanos Mares
José Elias García-Ortiz
Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
author_sort Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
collection DOAJ
description Variations in somatic genetic alterations can be observed across different cancer types and diverse populations. Understanding the frequency of oncogenic variants in specific populations helps elucidate carcinogenesis and risk factors, with somatic variants often serving as treatment markers. Data regarding the somatic landscape across the main tumor subtypes in patients from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have increased recently, highlighting important differences from contrasting populations in North America, Europe, and Asia. Many of these differences have pressing implications regarding screening, risk factor management, targeted therapies, and health care policy. This review aims to synthesize the existing information on somatic oncogenic variants in patients' tumors from LAC. We included the frequency of somatic oncogenic variants of the most frequent tumors in LAC: prostate cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. Furthermore, we add information from tumors that are relevant in LAC because of their high incidence, specific subtypes, or aggressive phenotypes, namely gallbladder cancer, acral melanoma, and hematologic neoplasms, respectively. The data highlight distinct differences in the reported prevalences of various somatic variants across a spectrum of neoplasms. Moreover, it demonstrates that an extensive number of genetic and molecular studies have been carried out in the region, improving the level of characterization for this complex, admixed population. Nonetheless, data from many individual countries are still scarce or altogether missing, underscoring the need to establish collaborative groups to further advance progress in LAC. The need for further comprehensive research in the area should not be substituted with data from other regions as we seek to empower the choices to improve our health care outlook.
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spelling doaj-art-e00eb93135a14d78a089c22123d3c9c52025-08-20T02:29:35ZengAmerican Society of Clinical OncologyJCO Global Oncology2687-89412025-05-011110.1200/GO-24-00389Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative ReviewTalia Wegman-Ostrosky0Lucia Taja-Chayeb1Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón2Catalina Trejo-Becerril3Daniela Shveid Gerson4Isabel Espino-Gutiérrez5Andrea Gutiérrez-Lara6Andrés Yesid Bonilla Salcedo7Mistral Castellanos Mares8José Elias García-Ortiz9Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza10Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño11Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoPrecision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Math and Science, Arkansas State University Querétaro, Querétaro, MexicoPrecision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoCancer Center, ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico City, MexicoFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoHematology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoHematology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, MexicoDivisión de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara Jalisco, MéxicoLaboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, MexicoFoundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, ColombiaVariations in somatic genetic alterations can be observed across different cancer types and diverse populations. Understanding the frequency of oncogenic variants in specific populations helps elucidate carcinogenesis and risk factors, with somatic variants often serving as treatment markers. Data regarding the somatic landscape across the main tumor subtypes in patients from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have increased recently, highlighting important differences from contrasting populations in North America, Europe, and Asia. Many of these differences have pressing implications regarding screening, risk factor management, targeted therapies, and health care policy. This review aims to synthesize the existing information on somatic oncogenic variants in patients' tumors from LAC. We included the frequency of somatic oncogenic variants of the most frequent tumors in LAC: prostate cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. Furthermore, we add information from tumors that are relevant in LAC because of their high incidence, specific subtypes, or aggressive phenotypes, namely gallbladder cancer, acral melanoma, and hematologic neoplasms, respectively. The data highlight distinct differences in the reported prevalences of various somatic variants across a spectrum of neoplasms. Moreover, it demonstrates that an extensive number of genetic and molecular studies have been carried out in the region, improving the level of characterization for this complex, admixed population. Nonetheless, data from many individual countries are still scarce or altogether missing, underscoring the need to establish collaborative groups to further advance progress in LAC. The need for further comprehensive research in the area should not be substituted with data from other regions as we seek to empower the choices to improve our health care outlook.https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00389
spellingShingle Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
Lucia Taja-Chayeb
Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
Catalina Trejo-Becerril
Daniela Shveid Gerson
Isabel Espino-Gutiérrez
Andrea Gutiérrez-Lara
Andrés Yesid Bonilla Salcedo
Mistral Castellanos Mares
José Elias García-Ortiz
Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
JCO Global Oncology
title Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
title_full Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
title_short Somatic Landscape of Oncogenic Variants Across the Main Cancer Subtypes in Latin America: A Narrative Review
title_sort somatic landscape of oncogenic variants across the main cancer subtypes in latin america a narrative review
url https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00389
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