A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges
Hate speeches has risen significantly because of ever expanding online communities, easy accessibility of social media platforms, anonymity of the users, rapid spread of information, and increased visibility of hate related incidents. Detection of such hate speech, especially in low-resource languag...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11087481/ |
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| author | Ijaz Hussain Umar Farooq Ammara Nawaz Cheema Ibrahim M. Almanjahie |
| author_facet | Ijaz Hussain Umar Farooq Ammara Nawaz Cheema Ibrahim M. Almanjahie |
| author_sort | Ijaz Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hate speeches has risen significantly because of ever expanding online communities, easy accessibility of social media platforms, anonymity of the users, rapid spread of information, and increased visibility of hate related incidents. Detection of such hate speech, especially in low-resource language i.e. Urdu, on social media has become active research area for safe, and inclusive online environment. This paper introduces a new taxonomy, and presents a survey of Urdu hate speech detection techniques. It also explores future research directions, and highlights the main challenges which persist in this field such as limited data availability, code-switching, and requirements for adaptability to contextual perspectives. The taxonomy, and the survey form the basis for continued advancement in Urdu hate speech detection that yields improved insights regarding Urdu hate speech patterns, and contributes to better detection system’s development. It serves a comprehensive review of Urdu hate speech detection methods available in the research literature, and compares those methods at an abstract level, discusses their limitations, and provides future research directions for new researches in this domain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e00d1846188440e2895f75daf28cf855 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-e00d1846188440e2895f75daf28cf8552025-08-20T02:47:18ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312836012837810.1109/ACCESS.2025.359114311087481A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and ChallengesIjaz Hussain0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-1680Umar Farooq1Ammara Nawaz Cheema2Ibrahim M. Almanjahie3Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaHate speeches has risen significantly because of ever expanding online communities, easy accessibility of social media platforms, anonymity of the users, rapid spread of information, and increased visibility of hate related incidents. Detection of such hate speech, especially in low-resource language i.e. Urdu, on social media has become active research area for safe, and inclusive online environment. This paper introduces a new taxonomy, and presents a survey of Urdu hate speech detection techniques. It also explores future research directions, and highlights the main challenges which persist in this field such as limited data availability, code-switching, and requirements for adaptability to contextual perspectives. The taxonomy, and the survey form the basis for continued advancement in Urdu hate speech detection that yields improved insights regarding Urdu hate speech patterns, and contributes to better detection system’s development. It serves a comprehensive review of Urdu hate speech detection methods available in the research literature, and compares those methods at an abstract level, discusses their limitations, and provides future research directions for new researches in this domain.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11087481/Hate speechmachine learningUrdu offensive speechtransfer learningUrdu cyber bullyingUrdu hate speech |
| spellingShingle | Ijaz Hussain Umar Farooq Ammara Nawaz Cheema Ibrahim M. Almanjahie A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges IEEE Access Hate speech machine learning Urdu offensive speech transfer learning Urdu cyber bullying Urdu hate speech |
| title | A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Survey on Urdu Hate Speech Detection: Methods, Evaluation, and Challenges |
| title_sort | comprehensive survey on urdu hate speech detection methods evaluation and challenges |
| topic | Hate speech machine learning Urdu offensive speech transfer learning Urdu cyber bullying Urdu hate speech |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11087481/ |
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