Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database

Thyroid function is closely linked to circadian rhythms, but the relationship between the frequency of night eating and thyroid function remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the association between night eating frequency and its impact on thyroid function and sensitivity. This study inclu...

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Main Authors: Yanhao Zhang, Songbai Zhou, Shiguang Liu, Youlin Wang, Houyong Zhou, Jiao Wang, Ling Wang, Xiaosong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1489459/full
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author Yanhao Zhang
Songbai Zhou
Shiguang Liu
Youlin Wang
Houyong Zhou
Jiao Wang
Ling Wang
Xiaosong Wang
author_facet Yanhao Zhang
Songbai Zhou
Shiguang Liu
Youlin Wang
Houyong Zhou
Jiao Wang
Ling Wang
Xiaosong Wang
author_sort Yanhao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Thyroid function is closely linked to circadian rhythms, but the relationship between the frequency of night eating and thyroid function remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the association between night eating frequency and its impact on thyroid function and sensitivity. This study included 6093 participants from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012). Night eating behavior was assessed through 24-hour dietary recall, with night eating frequency calculated on the basis of food intake between 10:00 PM and 4:00 AM. The thyroid hormone indices examined included T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TGA, Tg, and TPOAb, whereas thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed via indices such as the FT3/FT4, TSHI, TT4RI, and TFQI. The associations between night eating frequency and thyroid function were analyzed via weighted univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses and interaction test analyses were also employed to test this correlation. Compared with individuals who did not eat at night, those who ate more frequently at night had higher levels of Tg (OR 1.223 [95% CI 1.048, 1.429], p trend=0.015) but lower levels of T3 (OR 0.728 [95% CI 0.611, 0.868], p trend=0.235) and TPOAb (OR 0.728 [95% CI 0.611, 0.868], p trend=0.235). Subgroup analysis indicated that this association between Tg and night eating was stronger in the DM group (Tg: OR 1.49 [95% CI 1.15, 1.93]), p interaction=0.022) and that the association between TPOAb and night eating was stronger in the group without DM (TPOAb: OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.82, 0.97]), p interaction=0.003). Our findings suggest a significant association between night eating frequency and thyroid function. However, no statistically significant differences were found in thyroid sensitivity based on night eating frequency. Despite these findings, the hormone fluctuations observed were within normal clinical ranges. Further rigorously designed studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between night eating frequency and thyroid function.
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spelling doaj-art-e00881727ade42d9a80e10ae5b9ac8fd2024-12-23T05:10:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922024-12-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14894591489459Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES databaseYanhao Zhang0Songbai Zhou1Shiguang Liu2Youlin Wang3Houyong Zhou4Jiao Wang5Ling Wang6Xiaosong Wang7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang, ChinaThyroid function is closely linked to circadian rhythms, but the relationship between the frequency of night eating and thyroid function remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the association between night eating frequency and its impact on thyroid function and sensitivity. This study included 6093 participants from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012). Night eating behavior was assessed through 24-hour dietary recall, with night eating frequency calculated on the basis of food intake between 10:00 PM and 4:00 AM. The thyroid hormone indices examined included T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TGA, Tg, and TPOAb, whereas thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed via indices such as the FT3/FT4, TSHI, TT4RI, and TFQI. The associations between night eating frequency and thyroid function were analyzed via weighted univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses and interaction test analyses were also employed to test this correlation. Compared with individuals who did not eat at night, those who ate more frequently at night had higher levels of Tg (OR 1.223 [95% CI 1.048, 1.429], p trend=0.015) but lower levels of T3 (OR 0.728 [95% CI 0.611, 0.868], p trend=0.235) and TPOAb (OR 0.728 [95% CI 0.611, 0.868], p trend=0.235). Subgroup analysis indicated that this association between Tg and night eating was stronger in the DM group (Tg: OR 1.49 [95% CI 1.15, 1.93]), p interaction=0.022) and that the association between TPOAb and night eating was stronger in the group without DM (TPOAb: OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.82, 0.97]), p interaction=0.003). Our findings suggest a significant association between night eating frequency and thyroid function. However, no statistically significant differences were found in thyroid sensitivity based on night eating frequency. Despite these findings, the hormone fluctuations observed were within normal clinical ranges. Further rigorously designed studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between night eating frequency and thyroid function.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1489459/fullthyroid functionthyroid sensitivitycircadian rhythmsnight eatingcross-sectional study 31 32
spellingShingle Yanhao Zhang
Songbai Zhou
Shiguang Liu
Youlin Wang
Houyong Zhou
Jiao Wang
Ling Wang
Xiaosong Wang
Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
Frontiers in Endocrinology
thyroid function
thyroid sensitivity
circadian rhythms
night eating
cross-sectional study 31 32
title Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
title_full Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
title_fullStr Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
title_full_unstemmed Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
title_short Association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
title_sort association between night eating frequency and thyroid function and sensitivity a cross sectional study from the nhanes database
topic thyroid function
thyroid sensitivity
circadian rhythms
night eating
cross-sectional study 31 32
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1489459/full
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