Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction

Liver failure, primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional hepatoprotective strategies often fail to provide effective long-term protection, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the hep...

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Main Authors: Karthik K Karunakar, Binoy Varghese Cheriyan, Dheena Babu, Devan P, Nandhini J, Suresh Kannan M, Lincy Yabase, Kunal Kataria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-12-01
Series:Nano TransMed
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000160
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author Karthik K Karunakar
Binoy Varghese Cheriyan
Dheena Babu
Devan P
Nandhini J
Suresh Kannan M
Lincy Yabase
Kunal Kataria
author_facet Karthik K Karunakar
Binoy Varghese Cheriyan
Dheena Babu
Devan P
Nandhini J
Suresh Kannan M
Lincy Yabase
Kunal Kataria
author_sort Karthik K Karunakar
collection DOAJ
description Liver failure, primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional hepatoprotective strategies often fail to provide effective long-term protection, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of selenium (SeNPs), silver (AgNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. SeNPs enhance antioxidant defenses by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). AgNPs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preserving hepatic architecture. AuNPs demonstrate biocompatibility, fibrosis prevention, and immune modulation through NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. Despite their therapeutic promise, concerns regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, stability, and potential toxicity remain key challenges for clinical translation. This review aims to explore the role of (SeNPs), (AgNPs), and (AuNPs) in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver diseases, explore their mechanisms of hepatoprotection, assess the challenges associated with their biomedical applications, and provide insights into future directions for their clinical development. Addressing these gaps will be crucial in optimizing nanoparticle-based hepatoprotective therapies for safer and more effective liver disease management.
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spelling doaj-art-e0025a12f69645daa40c99cb44a3dc062025-08-20T01:49:44ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Nano TransMed2790-67602025-12-01410008510.1016/j.ntm.2025.100085Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reductionKarthik K Karunakar0Binoy Varghese Cheriyan1Dheena Babu2Devan P3Nandhini J4Suresh Kannan M5Lincy Yabase6Kunal Kataria7Department of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, India; Corresponding author.Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN 602105, IndiaLiver failure, primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional hepatoprotective strategies often fail to provide effective long-term protection, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of selenium (SeNPs), silver (AgNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. SeNPs enhance antioxidant defenses by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). AgNPs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preserving hepatic architecture. AuNPs demonstrate biocompatibility, fibrosis prevention, and immune modulation through NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. Despite their therapeutic promise, concerns regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, stability, and potential toxicity remain key challenges for clinical translation. This review aims to explore the role of (SeNPs), (AgNPs), and (AuNPs) in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver diseases, explore their mechanisms of hepatoprotection, assess the challenges associated with their biomedical applications, and provide insights into future directions for their clinical development. Addressing these gaps will be crucial in optimizing nanoparticle-based hepatoprotective therapies for safer and more effective liver disease management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000160NanoparticlesHepatoprotectionSeleniumSilverGold
spellingShingle Karthik K Karunakar
Binoy Varghese Cheriyan
Dheena Babu
Devan P
Nandhini J
Suresh Kannan M
Lincy Yabase
Kunal Kataria
Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
Nano TransMed
Nanoparticles
Hepatoprotection
Selenium
Silver
Gold
title Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
title_full Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
title_fullStr Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
title_full_unstemmed Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
title_short Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
title_sort selenium silver and gold nanoparticles emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
topic Nanoparticles
Hepatoprotection
Selenium
Silver
Gold
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000160
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