High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler

A simple, high-sensitivity, and low-cost optical sensor for the measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater is demonstrated based on a microfiber directional coupler. The shifts of sensing dips are highly sensitive to the change of salinity and temperature in seawater with highest sensitivit...

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Main Authors: Shanshan Wang, Hongjuan Yang, Yipeng Liao, Xin Wang, Jing Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2016-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7524691/
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author Shanshan Wang
Hongjuan Yang
Yipeng Liao
Xin Wang
Jing Wang
author_facet Shanshan Wang
Hongjuan Yang
Yipeng Liao
Xin Wang
Jing Wang
author_sort Shanshan Wang
collection DOAJ
description A simple, high-sensitivity, and low-cost optical sensor for the measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater is demonstrated based on a microfiber directional coupler. The shifts of sensing dips are highly sensitive to the change of salinity and temperature in seawater with highest sensitivities at 930 pm/&#x2030; and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>160 pm/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C for coupler assembled by 3.79- and 2.20- <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>- diameter fibers. The temperature sensitivity can be further improved to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>1130 pm/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C for smaller fibers with diameters of 3.50 and 1.35 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. To keep the stable structure in liquid, a methodology of coating using ethyl cellulose ethoce film is proposed. By ethyl cellulose ethoce solvent coating on the coupling area, the coupler can be operated stably in seawater. The sensor demonstrated here is easy to construct, is low cost, is high sensitivity, and is compatible with the optical fiber system, which may find applications in developing miniature and multifunction optical sensors used in seawater and other liquid surroundings.
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spelling doaj-art-dff9f95678b94ef48c3eabc43fc87f0d2025-08-20T03:16:04ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552016-01-01841910.1109/JPHOT.2016.25935867524691High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional CouplerShanshan Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-6050Hongjuan Yang1Yipeng Liao2Xin Wang3Jing Wang4Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaA simple, high-sensitivity, and low-cost optical sensor for the measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater is demonstrated based on a microfiber directional coupler. The shifts of sensing dips are highly sensitive to the change of salinity and temperature in seawater with highest sensitivities at 930 pm/&#x2030; and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>160 pm/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C for coupler assembled by 3.79- and 2.20- <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>- diameter fibers. The temperature sensitivity can be further improved to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>1130 pm/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C for smaller fibers with diameters of 3.50 and 1.35 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. To keep the stable structure in liquid, a methodology of coating using ethyl cellulose ethoce film is proposed. By ethyl cellulose ethoce solvent coating on the coupling area, the coupler can be operated stably in seawater. The sensor demonstrated here is easy to construct, is low cost, is high sensitivity, and is compatible with the optical fiber system, which may find applications in developing miniature and multifunction optical sensors used in seawater and other liquid surroundings.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7524691/Directional couplersalinity sensingtemperature sensingmicrofiber coupler
spellingShingle Shanshan Wang
Hongjuan Yang
Yipeng Liao
Xin Wang
Jing Wang
High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
IEEE Photonics Journal
Directional coupler
salinity sensing
temperature sensing
microfiber coupler
title High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
title_full High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
title_fullStr High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
title_full_unstemmed High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
title_short High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler
title_sort high sensitivity salinity and temperature sensing in seawater based on a microfiber directional coupler
topic Directional coupler
salinity sensing
temperature sensing
microfiber coupler
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7524691/
work_keys_str_mv AT shanshanwang highsensitivitysalinityandtemperaturesensinginseawaterbasedonamicrofiberdirectionalcoupler
AT hongjuanyang highsensitivitysalinityandtemperaturesensinginseawaterbasedonamicrofiberdirectionalcoupler
AT yipengliao highsensitivitysalinityandtemperaturesensinginseawaterbasedonamicrofiberdirectionalcoupler
AT xinwang highsensitivitysalinityandtemperaturesensinginseawaterbasedonamicrofiberdirectionalcoupler
AT jingwang highsensitivitysalinityandtemperaturesensinginseawaterbasedonamicrofiberdirectionalcoupler