Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metric for assessing cardiometabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes (preDM) is not well-studied. There is also a gap in understanding the nonlinear associations...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01676-4 |
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| author | An-Bang Liu Yan-Xia Lin Ting-Ting Meng Peng Tian Jian-Lin Chen Xin-He Zhang Wei-Hong Xu Yu Zhang Dan Zhang Yan Zheng Guo-Hai Su |
| author_facet | An-Bang Liu Yan-Xia Lin Ting-Ting Meng Peng Tian Jian-Lin Chen Xin-He Zhang Wei-Hong Xu Yu Zhang Dan Zhang Yan Zheng Guo-Hai Su |
| author_sort | An-Bang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metric for assessing cardiometabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes (preDM) is not well-studied. There is also a gap in understanding the nonlinear associations between CMI and these conditions. Our study aimed to elucidate these associations. Methods We included 13,142 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2020. CMI was calculated by multiplying the triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Using weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression explored the relationships of CMI with glucose metabolism markers, IR, preDM, and DM. Nonlinear associations were assessed using generalized additive models (GAM), smooth curve fittings, and two-piecewise logistic regression. Results Multivariate regression revealed positive correlations between CMI and glucose metabolic biomarkers, including FBG (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06–0.10), HbA1c (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.22–0.31), FSI (β = 4.88, 95% CI: 4.23–5.54), and HOMA-IR (β = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.56–2.14). There were also significant correlations between CMI and increased risk of IR (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 2.94–4.20), preDM (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.29–1.71), and DM (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 2.00-2.47). Inverse nonlinear L-shaped associations were found between CMI and IR, preDM, and DM, with saturation inflection points at 1.1, 1.45, and 1.6, respectively. Below these thresholds, increments in CMI significantly correlated with heightened risks of IR, preDM, and DM. Conclusions CMI exhibited inverse L-shaped nonlinear relationships with IR, preDM, and DM, suggesting that reducing CMI to a certain level might significantly prevent these conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dff1a316c22f44d69a0baa7f7135a49b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-dff1a316c22f44d69a0baa7f7135a49b2025-08-20T02:17:50ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232024-10-0124111310.1186/s12902-024-01676-4Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional studyAn-Bang Liu0Yan-Xia Lin1Ting-Ting Meng2Peng Tian3Jian-Lin Chen4Xin-He Zhang5Wei-Hong Xu6Yu Zhang7Dan Zhang8Yan Zheng9Guo-Hai Su10Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesAbstract Background The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metric for assessing cardiometabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes (preDM) is not well-studied. There is also a gap in understanding the nonlinear associations between CMI and these conditions. Our study aimed to elucidate these associations. Methods We included 13,142 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2020. CMI was calculated by multiplying the triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Using weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression explored the relationships of CMI with glucose metabolism markers, IR, preDM, and DM. Nonlinear associations were assessed using generalized additive models (GAM), smooth curve fittings, and two-piecewise logistic regression. Results Multivariate regression revealed positive correlations between CMI and glucose metabolic biomarkers, including FBG (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06–0.10), HbA1c (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.22–0.31), FSI (β = 4.88, 95% CI: 4.23–5.54), and HOMA-IR (β = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.56–2.14). There were also significant correlations between CMI and increased risk of IR (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 2.94–4.20), preDM (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.29–1.71), and DM (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 2.00-2.47). Inverse nonlinear L-shaped associations were found between CMI and IR, preDM, and DM, with saturation inflection points at 1.1, 1.45, and 1.6, respectively. Below these thresholds, increments in CMI significantly correlated with heightened risks of IR, preDM, and DM. Conclusions CMI exhibited inverse L-shaped nonlinear relationships with IR, preDM, and DM, suggesting that reducing CMI to a certain level might significantly prevent these conditions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01676-4Cardiometabolic indexInsulin resistancePrediabetesDiabetesNonlinear association |
| spellingShingle | An-Bang Liu Yan-Xia Lin Ting-Ting Meng Peng Tian Jian-Lin Chen Xin-He Zhang Wei-Hong Xu Yu Zhang Dan Zhang Yan Zheng Guo-Hai Su Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study BMC Endocrine Disorders Cardiometabolic index Insulin resistance Prediabetes Diabetes Nonlinear association |
| title | Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | associations of the cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance prediabetes and diabetes in u s adults a cross sectional study |
| topic | Cardiometabolic index Insulin resistance Prediabetes Diabetes Nonlinear association |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01676-4 |
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