Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite
The passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR) is recognized as a critical developmental direction for future radar systems. To validate its operational feasibility, we designed a PBSAR system. However, significant measurement errors were observed to degrade imaging quality. Conventional auto...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2239 |
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| author | Te Zhao Jun Wang Zuhan Cheng Ziqian Huang Jiaqi Song |
| author_facet | Te Zhao Jun Wang Zuhan Cheng Ziqian Huang Jiaqi Song |
| author_sort | Te Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR) is recognized as a critical developmental direction for future radar systems. To validate its operational feasibility, we designed a PBSAR system. However, significant measurement errors were observed to degrade imaging quality. Conventional autofocusing algorithms operate under the assumption that measurement errors primarily perturb phase components while exerting negligible influence on signal envelopes. The results from the system demonstrate the invalidity of this assumption, and the performance of conventional autofocusing algorithms severely degrades under enhanced resolution requirements. To address this limitation, we propose a frequency-domain division-based multi-stage autofocusing framework. This approach improves the frequency-dependent characterization of phase errors and incorporates an image sharpness-optimized autofocusing strategy. The estimated phase errors are directly applied for signal-level compensation, yielding refocused imagery with enhanced clarity while achieving an efficiency improvement exceeding 75%. Furthermore, we introduce a ground Cartesian back projection algorithm to adapt it to the PBSAR architecture, significantly improving computational efficiency in autofocusing processing. The integration of the proposed autofocusing algorithm with the accelerated imaging framework achieves an enhancement in autofocusing performance and a computational efficiency improvement by an order of magnitude. Simulations and experimental validations confirm that the proposed methodology exhibits marked advantages in both operational efficiency and focusing performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dfe7078a4baf467a8b08c480167d9d3d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-dfe7078a4baf467a8b08c480167d9d3d2025-08-20T03:29:02ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713223910.3390/rs17132239Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO SatelliteTe Zhao0Jun Wang1Zuhan Cheng2Ziqian Huang3Jiaqi Song4National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Navigation Technology, Xi’an 710068, ChinaThe passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR) is recognized as a critical developmental direction for future radar systems. To validate its operational feasibility, we designed a PBSAR system. However, significant measurement errors were observed to degrade imaging quality. Conventional autofocusing algorithms operate under the assumption that measurement errors primarily perturb phase components while exerting negligible influence on signal envelopes. The results from the system demonstrate the invalidity of this assumption, and the performance of conventional autofocusing algorithms severely degrades under enhanced resolution requirements. To address this limitation, we propose a frequency-domain division-based multi-stage autofocusing framework. This approach improves the frequency-dependent characterization of phase errors and incorporates an image sharpness-optimized autofocusing strategy. The estimated phase errors are directly applied for signal-level compensation, yielding refocused imagery with enhanced clarity while achieving an efficiency improvement exceeding 75%. Furthermore, we introduce a ground Cartesian back projection algorithm to adapt it to the PBSAR architecture, significantly improving computational efficiency in autofocusing processing. The integration of the proposed autofocusing algorithm with the accelerated imaging framework achieves an enhancement in autofocusing performance and a computational efficiency improvement by an order of magnitude. Simulations and experimental validations confirm that the proposed methodology exhibits marked advantages in both operational efficiency and focusing performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2239passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR)geostationary orbit (GEO) satelliteback projection (BP)autofocus (AF)motion error compensation (MEC) |
| spellingShingle | Te Zhao Jun Wang Zuhan Cheng Ziqian Huang Jiaqi Song Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite Remote Sensing passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR) geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite back projection (BP) autofocus (AF) motion error compensation (MEC) |
| title | Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite |
| title_full | Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite |
| title_short | Enhanced Rapid Autofocus Back-Projection for PBSAR Based on the GEO Satellite |
| title_sort | enhanced rapid autofocus back projection for pbsar based on the geo satellite |
| topic | passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (PBSAR) geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite back projection (BP) autofocus (AF) motion error compensation (MEC) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2239 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tezhao enhancedrapidautofocusbackprojectionforpbsarbasedonthegeosatellite AT junwang enhancedrapidautofocusbackprojectionforpbsarbasedonthegeosatellite AT zuhancheng enhancedrapidautofocusbackprojectionforpbsarbasedonthegeosatellite AT ziqianhuang enhancedrapidautofocusbackprojectionforpbsarbasedonthegeosatellite AT jiaqisong enhancedrapidautofocusbackprojectionforpbsarbasedonthegeosatellite |