Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica
Groundwater, widely used for supplying drinking water to populations, is a vital resource that must be managed sustainably, which requires a thorough understanding of its diverse physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. This study, based on a 27-year extraction from the Sise-Eaux databa...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Hajar Lazar Meryem Ayach Abderrahim Bousouis Frederic Huneau Christophe Mori Emilie Garel Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero |
| author_facet | Hajar Lazar Meryem Ayach Abderrahim Bousouis Frederic Huneau Christophe Mori Emilie Garel Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero |
| author_sort | Hajar Lazar |
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| description | Groundwater, widely used for supplying drinking water to populations, is a vital resource that must be managed sustainably, which requires a thorough understanding of its diverse physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. This study, based on a 27-year extraction from the Sise-Eaux database (1993–2020), focused on the island of Corsica (72,000 km<sup>2</sup>), which is diverse in terms of altitude and slopes and features a strong lithological contrast between crystalline Corsica and metamorphic and sedimentary Corsica. Following logarithmic conditioning of the data (662 water catchments, 2830 samples, and 15 parameters) and distinguishing between spatial and spatiotemporal variances, a principal component analysis was conducted to achieve dimensionality reduction and to identify the processes driving water diversity. In addition, the spatial structure of the parameters was studied. The analysis notably distinguishes a seasonal determinism for bacterial contamination (rain, runoff, bacterial transport, and contamination of catchments) and a more strictly spatial determinism (geographic, lithological, and land use factors). The behavior of each parameter allowed for their classification into seven distinct groups based on their average coordinates on the factorial axes, accounting for 95% of the dataset’s total variance. Several strategies can be considered for the inventory and mapping of groundwater, namely, (1) establishing quality parameter distribution maps, (2) dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis followed by two sub-options: (2a) mapping factorial axes or (2b) establishing a typology of parameters based on their behavior and mapping a representative for each group. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these strategies are discussed. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Hydrology |
| spelling | doaj-art-dfde727d8429416cbed43f80e7a29db32025-08-20T02:28:06ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382024-11-01111119710.3390/hydrology11110197Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in CorsicaHajar Lazar0Meryem Ayach1Abderrahim Bousouis2Frederic Huneau3Christophe Mori4Emilie Garel5Ilias Kacimi6Vincent Valles7Laurent Barbiero8Geosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, venue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10100, MoroccoGeosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, venue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10100, MoroccoLaboratoire de Géosciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaïl, BP 133, Kénitra 14000, MoroccoUniversité de Corse Pascal Paoli, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Campus Grimaldi, BP52, 20250 Corte, FranceUniversité de Corse Pascal Paoli, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Campus Grimaldi, BP52, 20250 Corte, FranceUniversité de Corse Pascal Paoli, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Campus Grimaldi, BP52, 20250 Corte, FranceGeosciences, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, venue Ibn Batouta, Rabat 10100, MoroccoMixed Research Unit EMMAH (Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes), Hydrogeology Laboratory, Avignon University, 84916 Avignon, FranceInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement, Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceGroundwater, widely used for supplying drinking water to populations, is a vital resource that must be managed sustainably, which requires a thorough understanding of its diverse physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. This study, based on a 27-year extraction from the Sise-Eaux database (1993–2020), focused on the island of Corsica (72,000 km<sup>2</sup>), which is diverse in terms of altitude and slopes and features a strong lithological contrast between crystalline Corsica and metamorphic and sedimentary Corsica. Following logarithmic conditioning of the data (662 water catchments, 2830 samples, and 15 parameters) and distinguishing between spatial and spatiotemporal variances, a principal component analysis was conducted to achieve dimensionality reduction and to identify the processes driving water diversity. In addition, the spatial structure of the parameters was studied. The analysis notably distinguishes a seasonal determinism for bacterial contamination (rain, runoff, bacterial transport, and contamination of catchments) and a more strictly spatial determinism (geographic, lithological, and land use factors). The behavior of each parameter allowed for their classification into seven distinct groups based on their average coordinates on the factorial axes, accounting for 95% of the dataset’s total variance. Several strategies can be considered for the inventory and mapping of groundwater, namely, (1) establishing quality parameter distribution maps, (2) dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis followed by two sub-options: (2a) mapping factorial axes or (2b) establishing a typology of parameters based on their behavior and mapping a representative for each group. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these strategies are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/11/11/197water quality monitoringgroundwater databasebacteriological compositionchemical compositioncluster analysisprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Hajar Lazar Meryem Ayach Abderrahim Bousouis Frederic Huneau Christophe Mori Emilie Garel Ilias Kacimi Vincent Valles Laurent Barbiero Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica Hydrology water quality monitoring groundwater database bacteriological composition chemical composition cluster analysis principal component analysis |
| title | Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica |
| title_full | Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica |
| title_short | Multivariate and Spatial Study and Monitoring Strategies of Groundwater Quality for Human Consumption in Corsica |
| title_sort | multivariate and spatial study and monitoring strategies of groundwater quality for human consumption in corsica |
| topic | water quality monitoring groundwater database bacteriological composition chemical composition cluster analysis principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/11/11/197 |
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