Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications

Nickel (Ni)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their tunable structural, optical, and electronic properties, making them ideal candidates for various advanced applications. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the elect...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Fawad, Nabeel Maqsood, Ahmad Nawaz, Bilal Islam, Malik Daniyal Zaheer, Kateřina Skotnicová
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009016
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author Muhammad Fawad
Nabeel Maqsood
Ahmad Nawaz
Bilal Islam
Malik Daniyal Zaheer
Kateřina Skotnicová
author_facet Muhammad Fawad
Nabeel Maqsood
Ahmad Nawaz
Bilal Islam
Malik Daniyal Zaheer
Kateřina Skotnicová
author_sort Muhammad Fawad
collection DOAJ
description Nickel (Ni)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their tunable structural, optical, and electronic properties, making them ideal candidates for various advanced applications. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the electrical and electronic properties of pure and Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ni:ZnO) synthesized via a co-precipitation method with varying Ni concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO, with lattice distortion increasing proportionally to Ni doping. A secondary NiO phase was detected at higher doping levels, indicating the solubility limit of Ni in ZnO. The average crystallite size, calculated using Debye-Scherrer's equation, decreased from 31 nm in pure ZnO to 23 nm in 8% Ni-doped ZnO, confirming doping-induced size reduction. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the optical bandgap from 3.23 eV for pure ZnO to 3.41 eV for 8% Ni-doped ZnO, attributed to Burstein-Moss effect. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified changes in vibrational modes, with shifts in peaks corresponding to Zn-O and Ni-O bonds, indicating successful Ni incorporation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed uniform particle morphology and elemental composition. Dielectric studies showed that the dielectric constant increased significantly with Ni doping, reaching a maximum value of 69 at 6% doping, while AC conductivity improved with frequency, demonstrating frequency-dependent conductivity due to hopping charge carriers. The findings reveal that Ni doping enhances the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of ZnO, making it suitable for optoelectronics, high-frequency devices, and dielectric materials.
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spelling doaj-art-dfddfbe5ab8745be897ded9b1efff5042025-08-20T02:11:26ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610482410.1016/j.rineng.2025.104824Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic ApplicationsMuhammad Fawad0Nabeel Maqsood1Ahmad Nawaz2Bilal Islam3Malik Daniyal Zaheer4Kateřina Skotnicová5Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Postcode 25120, Peshawar, KPK, PakistanFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, LT-51424, LithuaniaFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech RepublicNickel (Ni)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their tunable structural, optical, and electronic properties, making them ideal candidates for various advanced applications. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the electrical and electronic properties of pure and Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ni:ZnO) synthesized via a co-precipitation method with varying Ni concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO, with lattice distortion increasing proportionally to Ni doping. A secondary NiO phase was detected at higher doping levels, indicating the solubility limit of Ni in ZnO. The average crystallite size, calculated using Debye-Scherrer's equation, decreased from 31 nm in pure ZnO to 23 nm in 8% Ni-doped ZnO, confirming doping-induced size reduction. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the optical bandgap from 3.23 eV for pure ZnO to 3.41 eV for 8% Ni-doped ZnO, attributed to Burstein-Moss effect. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified changes in vibrational modes, with shifts in peaks corresponding to Zn-O and Ni-O bonds, indicating successful Ni incorporation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed uniform particle morphology and elemental composition. Dielectric studies showed that the dielectric constant increased significantly with Ni doping, reaching a maximum value of 69 at 6% doping, while AC conductivity improved with frequency, demonstrating frequency-dependent conductivity due to hopping charge carriers. The findings reveal that Ni doping enhances the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of ZnO, making it suitable for optoelectronics, high-frequency devices, and dielectric materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009016Nickel-Doped Zinc Oxide (Ni:ZnO)Nanoparticle CharacterizationCo-Precipitation MethodOptical and Dielectric PropertiesBurstein-Moss Effect
spellingShingle Muhammad Fawad
Nabeel Maqsood
Ahmad Nawaz
Bilal Islam
Malik Daniyal Zaheer
Kateřina Skotnicová
Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
Results in Engineering
Nickel-Doped Zinc Oxide (Ni:ZnO)
Nanoparticle Characterization
Co-Precipitation Method
Optical and Dielectric Properties
Burstein-Moss Effect
title Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
title_full Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
title_fullStr Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
title_short Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Optical and Dielectric Properties of Pure and Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Advanced Electronic Applications
title_sort synthesis characterization and enhanced optical and dielectric properties of pure and ni doped zno nanoparticles for advanced electronic applications
topic Nickel-Doped Zinc Oxide (Ni:ZnO)
Nanoparticle Characterization
Co-Precipitation Method
Optical and Dielectric Properties
Burstein-Moss Effect
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009016
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