Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data

Abstract The use of plastic films has been growing in agriculture, benefiting consumers and producers. However, concerns have been raised about the environmental impact of plastic film use, with mulching films posing a greater threat than greenhouse films. This calls for large-scale monitoring of di...

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Main Authors: Alessandro Fabrizi, Peter Fiener, Thomas Jagdhuber, Kristof Van Oost, Florian Wilken
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93658-2
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author Alessandro Fabrizi
Peter Fiener
Thomas Jagdhuber
Kristof Van Oost
Florian Wilken
author_facet Alessandro Fabrizi
Peter Fiener
Thomas Jagdhuber
Kristof Van Oost
Florian Wilken
author_sort Alessandro Fabrizi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The use of plastic films has been growing in agriculture, benefiting consumers and producers. However, concerns have been raised about the environmental impact of plastic film use, with mulching films posing a greater threat than greenhouse films. This calls for large-scale monitoring of different plastic film uses. We used cloud computing, freely available optical and radar satellite images, and machine learning to map plastic-mulched farmland (PMF) and plastic cover above vegetation (PCV) (e.g., greenhouse, tunnel) across Germany. The algorithm detected 103 103 ha of PMF and 37 103 ha of PCV in 2020, while a combination of agricultural statistics and surveys estimated a smaller plasticulture cover of around 100 103 ha in 2019. Based on ground observations, the overall accuracy of the classification is 85.3%. Optical and radar features had similar importance scores, and a distinct backscatter of PCV was related to metal frames underneath the plastic films. Overall, the algorithm achieved great results in the distinction between PCV and PMF. This study maps different plastic film uses at a country scale for the first time and sheds light on the high potential of freely available satellite data for continental monitoring.
format Article
id doaj-art-dfd563ba661b43d6a59cb0509d07c8d1
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issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-dfd563ba661b43d6a59cb0509d07c8d12025-08-20T03:04:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-93658-2Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite dataAlessandro Fabrizi0Peter Fiener1Thomas Jagdhuber2Kristof Van Oost3Florian Wilken4Institute of Geography, University of AugsburgInstitute of Geography, University of AugsburgInstitute of Geography, University of AugsburgEarth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainInstitute of Geography, University of AugsburgAbstract The use of plastic films has been growing in agriculture, benefiting consumers and producers. However, concerns have been raised about the environmental impact of plastic film use, with mulching films posing a greater threat than greenhouse films. This calls for large-scale monitoring of different plastic film uses. We used cloud computing, freely available optical and radar satellite images, and machine learning to map plastic-mulched farmland (PMF) and plastic cover above vegetation (PCV) (e.g., greenhouse, tunnel) across Germany. The algorithm detected 103 103 ha of PMF and 37 103 ha of PCV in 2020, while a combination of agricultural statistics and surveys estimated a smaller plasticulture cover of around 100 103 ha in 2019. Based on ground observations, the overall accuracy of the classification is 85.3%. Optical and radar features had similar importance scores, and a distinct backscatter of PCV was related to metal frames underneath the plastic films. Overall, the algorithm achieved great results in the distinction between PCV and PMF. This study maps different plastic film uses at a country scale for the first time and sheds light on the high potential of freely available satellite data for continental monitoring.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93658-2PlasticAgricultureSynthetic aperture radarOptical remote sensingSentinelGoogle earth engine
spellingShingle Alessandro Fabrizi
Peter Fiener
Thomas Jagdhuber
Kristof Van Oost
Florian Wilken
Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
Scientific Reports
Plastic
Agriculture
Synthetic aperture radar
Optical remote sensing
Sentinel
Google earth engine
title Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
title_full Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
title_fullStr Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
title_full_unstemmed Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
title_short Plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and SAR satellite data
title_sort plasticulture detection at the country scale by combining multispectral and sar satellite data
topic Plastic
Agriculture
Synthetic aperture radar
Optical remote sensing
Sentinel
Google earth engine
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93658-2
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AT thomasjagdhuber plasticulturedetectionatthecountryscalebycombiningmultispectralandsarsatellitedata
AT kristofvanoost plasticulturedetectionatthecountryscalebycombiningmultispectralandsarsatellitedata
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