Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics

Bark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding o...

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Main Authors: Samuli Junttila, Tuomas Yrttimaa, Minna Blomqvist, Teemu Paljakka, Mikko Pelto-Arvo, Mikko Vastaranta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Trees, Forests and People
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719325000056
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author Samuli Junttila
Tuomas Yrttimaa
Minna Blomqvist
Teemu Paljakka
Mikko Pelto-Arvo
Mikko Vastaranta
author_facet Samuli Junttila
Tuomas Yrttimaa
Minna Blomqvist
Teemu Paljakka
Mikko Pelto-Arvo
Mikko Vastaranta
author_sort Samuli Junttila
collection DOAJ
description Bark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding of the physiological responses that occur on trees after a bark beetle infestation. More specifically, we need insights into how quickly trees decline post-infestation and how the rate of tree decline relates to the bark beetle brood development. To increase understanding of trees’ physiological responses to bark beetle infestation, we monitored stem diameter variations at 15-minute intervals across 31 healthy and 26 infested mature Norway spruces affected by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in Southern Finland. We observed that the infestation led to reduced or negligible growth, followed by a sudden decline in stem diameter. Using dendrometer data, we also established a point of ceased stem expansion for trees affected by bark beetle infestation, serving as a proxy for the tree's physiological response. This allowed us to explore the duration between the infestation date and the onset of tree decline. We observed considerable temporal variation in the physiological response of trees to the bark beetle infestation. The timing of the point of ceased stem expansion ranged from 15 to 81 days after the onset of the simulated infestation date, with a mean of 46.8 days. Only 58 % of the trees showed a point of ceased stem expansion before the bark beetle brood development was completed. This suggests that trees may take longer to respond to the infestation than it takes for the bark beetle brood to develop. Considerable temporal variation in tree response to the bark beetle infestation was observed, which calls for more research to understand the temporal dynamics of the tree's response to bark beetle infestations.
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spelling doaj-art-dfd44ab1b5574db9ad299c9577f1df812025-08-20T02:11:09ZengElsevierTrees, Forests and People2666-71932025-03-011910077710.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamicsSamuli Junttila0Tuomas Yrttimaa1Minna Blomqvist2Teemu Paljakka3Mikko Pelto-Arvo4Mikko Vastaranta5School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Corresponding author.School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, FinlandSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, FinlandBark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding of the physiological responses that occur on trees after a bark beetle infestation. More specifically, we need insights into how quickly trees decline post-infestation and how the rate of tree decline relates to the bark beetle brood development. To increase understanding of trees’ physiological responses to bark beetle infestation, we monitored stem diameter variations at 15-minute intervals across 31 healthy and 26 infested mature Norway spruces affected by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in Southern Finland. We observed that the infestation led to reduced or negligible growth, followed by a sudden decline in stem diameter. Using dendrometer data, we also established a point of ceased stem expansion for trees affected by bark beetle infestation, serving as a proxy for the tree's physiological response. This allowed us to explore the duration between the infestation date and the onset of tree decline. We observed considerable temporal variation in the physiological response of trees to the bark beetle infestation. The timing of the point of ceased stem expansion ranged from 15 to 81 days after the onset of the simulated infestation date, with a mean of 46.8 days. Only 58 % of the trees showed a point of ceased stem expansion before the bark beetle brood development was completed. This suggests that trees may take longer to respond to the infestation than it takes for the bark beetle brood to develop. Considerable temporal variation in tree response to the bark beetle infestation was observed, which calls for more research to understand the temporal dynamics of the tree's response to bark beetle infestations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719325000056Radial stem variationsDendrometerTree responseEuropean spruce bark beetleIps typographusTree physiology
spellingShingle Samuli Junttila
Tuomas Yrttimaa
Minna Blomqvist
Teemu Paljakka
Mikko Pelto-Arvo
Mikko Vastaranta
Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
Trees, Forests and People
Radial stem variations
Dendrometer
Tree response
European spruce bark beetle
Ips typographus
Tree physiology
title Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
title_full Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
title_fullStr Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
title_short Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
title_sort influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics
topic Radial stem variations
Dendrometer
Tree response
European spruce bark beetle
Ips typographus
Tree physiology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719325000056
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AT teemupaljakka influenceofbarkbeetleinfestationonstemdiameterdynamics
AT mikkopeltoarvo influenceofbarkbeetleinfestationonstemdiameterdynamics
AT mikkovastaranta influenceofbarkbeetleinfestationonstemdiameterdynamics