Beliefs about Auditory Hallucinations and their Correlation with Symptom Severity and Functioning in Schizophrenia

Background: Auditory hallucinations (AH), a core positive symptom of schizophrenia, cause significant distress which may be influenced by the patient’s beliefs about voices. Aims: We aimed to explore beliefs about AH, correlation between beliefs and functioning, and illness severity in patients with...

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Main Authors: Dishaben Patel, Vaibhav Patil, Arnab Datta, Merlin Mathew, Pratap Sharan, Mamta Sood
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_389_24
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Summary:Background: Auditory hallucinations (AH), a core positive symptom of schizophrenia, cause significant distress which may be influenced by the patient’s beliefs about voices. Aims: We aimed to explore beliefs about AH, correlation between beliefs and functioning, and illness severity in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: One hundred participants (aged 18–60) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) and experiencing significant AH (≥50% days/month) were assessed on a semistructured pro forma, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia severity scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire-Revised was used, to assess three primary beliefs – malevolence, benevolence, and omnipotence and two response styles – resistance and engagement. Results: The median age of onset and duration of illness were 23.5 years and 7 years. High scores were noted for omnipotence (median 12.0) and malevolence (median 8.0); benevolence scores were low. Malevolence and omnipotence correlated positively (P < 0.001) with emotional and behavioral resistance (ρ: 0.58, 0.57), higher symptom severity (ρ: 0.43, 0.57), and illness severity (ρ: 0.33, 0.41), and negatively with functioning (ρ: 0.29, −0.32). Benevolence showed no significant correlation with clinical measures. Emotional resistance was negatively correlated with functioning and positively correlated with illness severity and positive symptoms. Conclusion: Beliefs about omnipotence and malevolence in AH are correlated with resistance style, higher symptom and disease severity, and poor functioning.
ISSN:0971-9962
2454-8316