Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease
Dry eye disease (DED) is a very common disease in dogs, especially that of immune-mediated origin, with Shih Tzu dogs being some of the most affected. In this study, ultrasound changes of the orbital lacrimal gland (LG) were described in healthy Shih Tzu dogs and those diagnosed with different inten...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8516724 |
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| author | Carla Amorim Neves Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva Andre Ribeiro Fayad Beatriz Zanon Ignácio Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima Naida Cristina Borges |
| author_facet | Carla Amorim Neves Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva Andre Ribeiro Fayad Beatriz Zanon Ignácio Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima Naida Cristina Borges |
| author_sort | Carla Amorim Neves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dry eye disease (DED) is a very common disease in dogs, especially that of immune-mediated origin, with Shih Tzu dogs being some of the most affected. In this study, ultrasound changes of the orbital lacrimal gland (LG) were described in healthy Shih Tzu dogs and those diagnosed with different intensities of DED. For training purposes, a macroscopic and ultrasonographic study of the orbits of brachycephalic dog cadavers (n = 6) was conducted. Subsequently, thirty-five eyes from 23 male and female dogs aged between two and eight years, distributed into four groups according to the Schirmer tear test (STT-1), including a control group (CG, n = 10) (STT-1 ≥15 mm/min), early DED group (DED1, n = 8) (STT-1 between 14 and 11 mm/min), moderate DED group (DED2, n = 7) (STT-1 between 10 and 6 mm/min), and severe DED group (DED3, n = 10) (STT-1 ≤5 mm/min), were used. Ultrasound evaluation of LG showed a higher occurrence of glandular tissue heterogeneity (p=0.755) and the presence of hyperechoic areas (p=0.027) in dogs with DED3. The variables measuring the major axis were lower in dogs with DED3 (p=0.002). The area and perimeter were smaller in dogs with DED3 than in CG and DED1 groups (p<0.001) and the perimeter of the LG of dogs in the DED2 group was smaller than that of CG (p<0.001). The LG major axis (r = 0.56), area (r = 0.66), and perimeter (r = 0.66) decreased as the STT-1 of the different groups decreased. LG ultrasound of Shih Tzu dogs is a feasible technique that allows the evaluation of characteristics of the glandular tissue. The ultrasound could identify changes in texture, echogenicity, and size in LG of Shih Tzu dogs with immune-mediated DED. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dfbd008b85e346869fb9cbf20fe61108 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2042-0048 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine International |
| spelling | doaj-art-dfbd008b85e346869fb9cbf20fe611082025-08-20T03:26:25ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine International2042-00482024-01-01202410.1155/2024/8516724Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye DiseaseCarla Amorim Neves0Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva1Andre Ribeiro Fayad2Beatriz Zanon Ignácio3Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima4Naida Cristina Borges5Escola de Veterinária e ZootecniaEscola de Veterinária e ZootecniaEscola de Veterinária e ZootecniaEscola de Veterinária e ZootecniaEscola de Veterinária e ZootecniaEscola de Veterinária e ZootecniaDry eye disease (DED) is a very common disease in dogs, especially that of immune-mediated origin, with Shih Tzu dogs being some of the most affected. In this study, ultrasound changes of the orbital lacrimal gland (LG) were described in healthy Shih Tzu dogs and those diagnosed with different intensities of DED. For training purposes, a macroscopic and ultrasonographic study of the orbits of brachycephalic dog cadavers (n = 6) was conducted. Subsequently, thirty-five eyes from 23 male and female dogs aged between two and eight years, distributed into four groups according to the Schirmer tear test (STT-1), including a control group (CG, n = 10) (STT-1 ≥15 mm/min), early DED group (DED1, n = 8) (STT-1 between 14 and 11 mm/min), moderate DED group (DED2, n = 7) (STT-1 between 10 and 6 mm/min), and severe DED group (DED3, n = 10) (STT-1 ≤5 mm/min), were used. Ultrasound evaluation of LG showed a higher occurrence of glandular tissue heterogeneity (p=0.755) and the presence of hyperechoic areas (p=0.027) in dogs with DED3. The variables measuring the major axis were lower in dogs with DED3 (p=0.002). The area and perimeter were smaller in dogs with DED3 than in CG and DED1 groups (p<0.001) and the perimeter of the LG of dogs in the DED2 group was smaller than that of CG (p<0.001). The LG major axis (r = 0.56), area (r = 0.66), and perimeter (r = 0.66) decreased as the STT-1 of the different groups decreased. LG ultrasound of Shih Tzu dogs is a feasible technique that allows the evaluation of characteristics of the glandular tissue. The ultrasound could identify changes in texture, echogenicity, and size in LG of Shih Tzu dogs with immune-mediated DED.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8516724 |
| spellingShingle | Carla Amorim Neves Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva Andre Ribeiro Fayad Beatriz Zanon Ignácio Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima Naida Cristina Borges Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease Veterinary Medicine International |
| title | Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full | Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_short | Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_sort | ultrasound of the lacrimal gland in healthy shih tzu dogs and with dry eye disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8516724 |
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