Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV

While the intestinal microbiome seems a major driver of persistent immune defects in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about its fungal component, the mycobiome. We assessed the inter-kingdom mycobiome–bacteriome interactions, the impact of diet, and the association with the innate and adaptive...

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Main Authors: María José Gosalbes, Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz, Elena Moreno, Alejandro Artacho, Xavier Pons, Sonia Ruíz-Pérez, Beatriz Navia, Vicente Estrada, Mónica Manzano, Alba Talavera-Rodriguez, Nadia Madrid, Alejandro Vallejo, Laura Luna, José A. Pérez-Molina, Santiago Moreno, Sergio Serrano-Villar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2022-12-01
Series:Gut Microbes
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2089002
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author María José Gosalbes
Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz
Elena Moreno
Alejandro Artacho
Xavier Pons
Sonia Ruíz-Pérez
Beatriz Navia
Vicente Estrada
Mónica Manzano
Alba Talavera-Rodriguez
Nadia Madrid
Alejandro Vallejo
Laura Luna
José A. Pérez-Molina
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
author_facet María José Gosalbes
Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz
Elena Moreno
Alejandro Artacho
Xavier Pons
Sonia Ruíz-Pérez
Beatriz Navia
Vicente Estrada
Mónica Manzano
Alba Talavera-Rodriguez
Nadia Madrid
Alejandro Vallejo
Laura Luna
José A. Pérez-Molina
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
author_sort María José Gosalbes
collection DOAJ
description While the intestinal microbiome seems a major driver of persistent immune defects in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about its fungal component, the mycobiome. We assessed the inter-kingdom mycobiome–bacteriome interactions, the impact of diet, and the association with the innate and adaptive immunity in PWH on antiretroviral therapy. We included 24 PWH individuals and 12 healthy controls. We sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 amplicons, determined amplicon sequence variants, measured biomarkers of the innate and adaptive immunity in blood and relations with diet. Compared to healthy controls, PWH subjects exhibited a distinct and richer mycobiome and an enrichment for Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. In PWH, Candida and Pichia species were strongly correlated with several bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium genus. Regarding the links between the mycobiome and systemic immunology, we found a positive correlation between Candida species and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (sTNF-R2 and IL-17), interleukin 22 (a cytokine implicated in the regulation of mucosal immunity), and CD8+ T cell counts. This suggests an important role of the yeasts in systemic innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we identified inter-kingdom interactions implicated in fiber degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and lipid metabolism, and an effect of vegetable and fiber intake on the mycobiome. Therefore, despite the great differences in abundance and diversity between the bacterial and fungal communities of the gut, we defined the changes associated with HIV, determined several different inter-kingdom associations, and found links between the mycobiome, nutrient metabolism, and systemic immunity.
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spelling doaj-art-dfb95479fbb84d4e9a50c20532a7cacc2025-08-20T03:22:00ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842022-12-0114110.1080/19490976.2022.2089002Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIVMaría José Gosalbes0Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz1Elena Moreno2Alejandro Artacho3Xavier Pons4Sonia Ruíz-Pérez5Beatriz Navia6Vicente Estrada7Mónica Manzano8Alba Talavera-Rodriguez9Nadia Madrid10Alejandro Vallejo11Laura Luna12José A. Pérez-Molina13Santiago Moreno14Sergio Serrano-Villar15CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, SpainCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainGenomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, SpainGenomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, SpainGenomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SpainCIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SpainWhile the intestinal microbiome seems a major driver of persistent immune defects in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about its fungal component, the mycobiome. We assessed the inter-kingdom mycobiome–bacteriome interactions, the impact of diet, and the association with the innate and adaptive immunity in PWH on antiretroviral therapy. We included 24 PWH individuals and 12 healthy controls. We sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 amplicons, determined amplicon sequence variants, measured biomarkers of the innate and adaptive immunity in blood and relations with diet. Compared to healthy controls, PWH subjects exhibited a distinct and richer mycobiome and an enrichment for Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. In PWH, Candida and Pichia species were strongly correlated with several bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium genus. Regarding the links between the mycobiome and systemic immunology, we found a positive correlation between Candida species and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (sTNF-R2 and IL-17), interleukin 22 (a cytokine implicated in the regulation of mucosal immunity), and CD8+ T cell counts. This suggests an important role of the yeasts in systemic innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we identified inter-kingdom interactions implicated in fiber degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and lipid metabolism, and an effect of vegetable and fiber intake on the mycobiome. Therefore, despite the great differences in abundance and diversity between the bacterial and fungal communities of the gut, we defined the changes associated with HIV, determined several different inter-kingdom associations, and found links between the mycobiome, nutrient metabolism, and systemic immunity.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2089002Mycobiomebacteriomehigh-throughput sequencingITS2inflammationdiet
spellingShingle María José Gosalbes
Nuria Jimenéz-Hernandéz
Elena Moreno
Alejandro Artacho
Xavier Pons
Sonia Ruíz-Pérez
Beatriz Navia
Vicente Estrada
Mónica Manzano
Alba Talavera-Rodriguez
Nadia Madrid
Alejandro Vallejo
Laura Luna
José A. Pérez-Molina
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
Gut Microbes
Mycobiome
bacteriome
high-throughput sequencing
ITS2
inflammation
diet
title Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
title_full Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
title_fullStr Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
title_full_unstemmed Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
title_short Interactions among the mycobiome, bacteriome, inflammation, and diet in people living with HIV
title_sort interactions among the mycobiome bacteriome inflammation and diet in people living with hiv
topic Mycobiome
bacteriome
high-throughput sequencing
ITS2
inflammation
diet
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2022.2089002
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