Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea

IntroductionPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) is an emerging marine bacterial pathogen that infects marine animals and humans, causing fatal necrotizing fasciitis and histamine fish poisoning. Despite its clinical and ecological importance, the microbiological and genomic characteristics...

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Main Authors: Tae Seon Cha, Seon Young Park, Kyunglee Lee, Eun Jeong Park, Jong Beom Na, Ye Bin Kim, Keeman Lee, Soojin Lim, Namgyu Uh, Ji-Youl Jung, Byung Yeop Kim, Bumkeun Kim, Jee Eun Han, Ji Hyung Kim
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1574705/full
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author Tae Seon Cha
Seon Young Park
Kyunglee Lee
Eun Jeong Park
Jong Beom Na
Ye Bin Kim
Keeman Lee
Soojin Lim
Namgyu Uh
Ji-Youl Jung
Byung Yeop Kim
Bumkeun Kim
Jee Eun Han
Ji Hyung Kim
author_facet Tae Seon Cha
Seon Young Park
Kyunglee Lee
Eun Jeong Park
Jong Beom Na
Ye Bin Kim
Keeman Lee
Soojin Lim
Namgyu Uh
Ji-Youl Jung
Byung Yeop Kim
Bumkeun Kim
Jee Eun Han
Ji Hyung Kim
author_sort Tae Seon Cha
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) is an emerging marine bacterial pathogen that infects marine animals and humans, causing fatal necrotizing fasciitis and histamine fish poisoning. Despite its clinical and ecological importance, the microbiological and genomic characteristics of PDD remain largely unknown.MethodsWe report the first case of systemic infection caused by PDD in a free-ranging spotted seal (Phoca largha) stranded in Korea. Histopathological and microbial examinations were performed, followed by genomic analysis of the isolated PDD strain GCUPdd. Histamine production capability and cytotoxic effects on human cells were also evaluated.ResultsPDD was identified as the presumptive cause of systemic infection in the seal. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of pPHDD-like plasmid and major virulence factors including damselysin, phobalysin, and phospholipase. Strain GCUPdd harbored a gene cluster for histamine production (histidyl-tRNA synthetase, histidine decarboxylase, and histidine-histamine antiporter) and exhibited significantly higher histamine-producing ability than the reference PDD strain. The strain also demonstrated cytotoxic effects on human cells.DiscussionAlthough the pathogenic role of PDD in pinnipeds remains unclear, this study highlights its zoonotic potential and the importance of monitoring PDD in marine environments. Our findings contribute to understanding risk factors for histamine fish poisoning and provide insights into microbial diversity in marine mammals, emphasizing the need for further surveillance concerning PDD pathogenicity and role in public health.
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spelling doaj-art-dfb17e7412514fa2b7421b0ffb48546b2025-08-20T03:41:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-08-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15747051574705Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in KoreaTae Seon Cha0Seon Young Park1Kyunglee Lee2Eun Jeong Park3Jong Beom Na4Ye Bin Kim5Keeman Lee6Soojin Lim7Namgyu Uh8Ji-Youl Jung9Byung Yeop Kim10Bumkeun Kim11Jee Eun Han12Ji Hyung Kim13Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaVeterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of KoreaCetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaCetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, Republic of KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Marine Industrial and Maritime Police, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of KoreaInstitute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of KoreaInstitute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaIntroductionPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) is an emerging marine bacterial pathogen that infects marine animals and humans, causing fatal necrotizing fasciitis and histamine fish poisoning. Despite its clinical and ecological importance, the microbiological and genomic characteristics of PDD remain largely unknown.MethodsWe report the first case of systemic infection caused by PDD in a free-ranging spotted seal (Phoca largha) stranded in Korea. Histopathological and microbial examinations were performed, followed by genomic analysis of the isolated PDD strain GCUPdd. Histamine production capability and cytotoxic effects on human cells were also evaluated.ResultsPDD was identified as the presumptive cause of systemic infection in the seal. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of pPHDD-like plasmid and major virulence factors including damselysin, phobalysin, and phospholipase. Strain GCUPdd harbored a gene cluster for histamine production (histidyl-tRNA synthetase, histidine decarboxylase, and histidine-histamine antiporter) and exhibited significantly higher histamine-producing ability than the reference PDD strain. The strain also demonstrated cytotoxic effects on human cells.DiscussionAlthough the pathogenic role of PDD in pinnipeds remains unclear, this study highlights its zoonotic potential and the importance of monitoring PDD in marine environments. Our findings contribute to understanding risk factors for histamine fish poisoning and provide insights into microbial diversity in marine mammals, emphasizing the need for further surveillance concerning PDD pathogenicity and role in public health.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1574705/fullPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselaemarine mammalrisk factorcytotoxicityhistamine poisoning
spellingShingle Tae Seon Cha
Seon Young Park
Kyunglee Lee
Eun Jeong Park
Jong Beom Na
Ye Bin Kim
Keeman Lee
Soojin Lim
Namgyu Uh
Ji-Youl Jung
Byung Yeop Kim
Bumkeun Kim
Jee Eun Han
Ji Hyung Kim
Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
marine mammal
risk factor
cytotoxicity
histamine poisoning
title Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
title_full Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
title_fullStr Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
title_short Characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from a spotted seal (Phoca largha) (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) stranded in Korea
title_sort characterization of photobacterium damselae subsp damselae isolated from a spotted seal phoca largha pinnipedia phocidae stranded in korea
topic Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
marine mammal
risk factor
cytotoxicity
histamine poisoning
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1574705/full
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