Decreased dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine protection against recurrent malaria associated with Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin 3 copy number variation in Africa

Abstract Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ) is being recommended in Africa for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and for chemoprevention strategies, based on the ability of piperaquine to delay re-infections. Although therapeutic resistance to piperaquine has been l...

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Main Authors: Leyre Pernaute-Lau, Mario Recker, Mamadou Tékété, Tais Nóbrega de Sousa, Aliou Traore, Bakary Fofana, Kassim Sanogo, Ulrika Morris, Juliana Inoue, Pedro E. Ferreira, Nouhoum Diallo, Jürgen Burhenne, Issaka Sagara, Alassane Dicko, Maria I. Veiga, Walter Haefeli, Anders Björkman, Abdoulaye A. Djimde, Steffen Borrmann, José Pedro Gil
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57726-5
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Summary:Abstract Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ) is being recommended in Africa for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and for chemoprevention strategies, based on the ability of piperaquine to delay re-infections. Although therapeutic resistance to piperaquine has been linked to increased copy number in plasmepsin-coding parasite genes (pfpm), their effect on the duration of the post-treatment prophylactic period remains unclear. Here, we retrospectively analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial, where patients received either DHA-PPQ or artesunate-amodiaquine for recurrent malaria episodes over two years. We observed an increase in the relative risk of re-infection among patients receiving DHA-PPQ compared to artesunate-amodiaquine after the first malaria season. This was driven by shorter average times to reinfection and coincided with an increased frequency of infections comprising pfpm3 multi-copy parasites. The decline in post-treatment protection of DHA-PPQ upon repeated use in a high transmission setting raises concerns for its wider use for chemopreventive strategies in Africa.
ISSN:2041-1723