Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia

Tlayudas, a variant of tortillas, are a highly consumed and low-cost traditional Mexican food, typical of the Oaxaca region. We developed new functional food products from tlayudas (T) containing standardised hydroalcoholic extracts (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2) of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum...

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Main Authors: Grace Preciado Iñiga, Daniel Martínez-Carrera, María E. Meneses, Miguel Sánchez, Adrián Argumedo, Myrna Bonilla, Ivan Castillo, Beatriz Petlacalco, Alfredo Morales, Nora Fernández, Wilfrido Martínez, Juan Antonio-Bautista, Mónica Sánchez-Tapia, Diana Coutiño-Hernández, Nimbe Torres, Armando R. Tovar, Hermilo Leal-Lara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Food Science
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijfo/8096060
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author Grace Preciado Iñiga
Daniel Martínez-Carrera
María E. Meneses
Miguel Sánchez
Adrián Argumedo
Myrna Bonilla
Ivan Castillo
Beatriz Petlacalco
Alfredo Morales
Nora Fernández
Wilfrido Martínez
Juan Antonio-Bautista
Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
Diana Coutiño-Hernández
Nimbe Torres
Armando R. Tovar
Hermilo Leal-Lara
author_facet Grace Preciado Iñiga
Daniel Martínez-Carrera
María E. Meneses
Miguel Sánchez
Adrián Argumedo
Myrna Bonilla
Ivan Castillo
Beatriz Petlacalco
Alfredo Morales
Nora Fernández
Wilfrido Martínez
Juan Antonio-Bautista
Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
Diana Coutiño-Hernández
Nimbe Torres
Armando R. Tovar
Hermilo Leal-Lara
author_sort Grace Preciado Iñiga
collection DOAJ
description Tlayudas, a variant of tortillas, are a highly consumed and low-cost traditional Mexican food, typical of the Oaxaca region. We developed new functional food products from tlayudas (T) containing standardised hydroalcoholic extracts (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2) of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) from Mexico. These products were characterised through physicochemical and sensory properties, analysis of bioactive compounds and hypolipidaemic capacity using an in vivo model (C57BL/6 mice) of hypercholesterolaemia. Tlayudas containing Gl extracts are more resistant (higher cutting force) and have better sensory attributes (appearance, colour, smell, flavour, texture and acceptability). Several nutritional components and functional properties improved significantly in comparison with the control; polyunsaturated fat increased 2.3% (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2), total polyphenols increased from 8.2% (T + Gl-1) to 14.2% (T + Gl-2), the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) from 7.3% (T + Gl-1) to 16.5% (T + Gl-2) and the content of β-glucans from 16.6% (T + Gl-1) to 100% (T + Gl-2). The heat treatment (ca. 400°C for 6.40 min) of the tlayudas cooking process did not lead to denaturing of G. lucidum compounds, remaining bioactive and stable in the food matrix. Tlayudas containing Gl extracts (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2) decreased main serum levels of cholesterol (–21.1% and –27.5%), triglycerides (–15.1% and –25.1%) and LDL-c (–55.4% and –62.7%) in C57BL/6 mice groups studied, as well as levels of glucose (–10.4% and –31.3%) and transaminases (ALT: –40.9% and –49.7%; AST: –36.1% and –34.5%), respectively, compared with the high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Tlayudas containing the Gl-2 extract decreased serum lipids and glucose levels further than the atorvastatin drug. These new functional food products with hypolipidaemic properties could be used to promote healthier diets for preventing cardiovascular and chronic degenerative diseases in target populations.
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spelling doaj-art-dfa99bc6b568444e8ec7f666afb84da12025-08-20T03:39:00ZengWileyInternational Journal of Food Science2314-57652025-01-01202510.1155/ijfo/8096060Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of HypercholesterolaemiaGrace Preciado Iñiga0Daniel Martínez-Carrera1María E. Meneses2Miguel Sánchez3Adrián Argumedo4Myrna Bonilla5Ivan Castillo6Beatriz Petlacalco7Alfredo Morales8Nora Fernández9Wilfrido Martínez10Juan Antonio-Bautista11Mónica Sánchez-Tapia12Diana Coutiño-Hernández13Nimbe Torres14Armando R. Tovar15Hermilo Leal-Lara16Postgraduate Program on Strategies for Regional Agricultural Development (PROEDAR)Centre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCentre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCentre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCampus PueblaPostgraduate Program on Strategies for Regional Agricultural Development (PROEDAR)Postgraduate Program on Strategies for Regional Agricultural Development (PROEDAR)Centre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCentre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCentre of Biotechnology of MedicinalCentre of Biotechnology of MedicinalDepartment of Multidisciplinary StudiesDepartment of Nutritional PhysiologyDepartment of Nutritional PhysiologyDepartment of Nutritional PhysiologyDepartment of Nutritional PhysiologyDepartment of Food and BiotechnologyTlayudas, a variant of tortillas, are a highly consumed and low-cost traditional Mexican food, typical of the Oaxaca region. We developed new functional food products from tlayudas (T) containing standardised hydroalcoholic extracts (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2) of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) from Mexico. These products were characterised through physicochemical and sensory properties, analysis of bioactive compounds and hypolipidaemic capacity using an in vivo model (C57BL/6 mice) of hypercholesterolaemia. Tlayudas containing Gl extracts are more resistant (higher cutting force) and have better sensory attributes (appearance, colour, smell, flavour, texture and acceptability). Several nutritional components and functional properties improved significantly in comparison with the control; polyunsaturated fat increased 2.3% (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2), total polyphenols increased from 8.2% (T + Gl-1) to 14.2% (T + Gl-2), the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) from 7.3% (T + Gl-1) to 16.5% (T + Gl-2) and the content of β-glucans from 16.6% (T + Gl-1) to 100% (T + Gl-2). The heat treatment (ca. 400°C for 6.40 min) of the tlayudas cooking process did not lead to denaturing of G. lucidum compounds, remaining bioactive and stable in the food matrix. Tlayudas containing Gl extracts (T + Gl-1 and T + Gl-2) decreased main serum levels of cholesterol (–21.1% and –27.5%), triglycerides (–15.1% and –25.1%) and LDL-c (–55.4% and –62.7%) in C57BL/6 mice groups studied, as well as levels of glucose (–10.4% and –31.3%) and transaminases (ALT: –40.9% and –49.7%; AST: –36.1% and –34.5%), respectively, compared with the high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Tlayudas containing the Gl-2 extract decreased serum lipids and glucose levels further than the atorvastatin drug. These new functional food products with hypolipidaemic properties could be used to promote healthier diets for preventing cardiovascular and chronic degenerative diseases in target populations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijfo/8096060
spellingShingle Grace Preciado Iñiga
Daniel Martínez-Carrera
María E. Meneses
Miguel Sánchez
Adrián Argumedo
Myrna Bonilla
Ivan Castillo
Beatriz Petlacalco
Alfredo Morales
Nora Fernández
Wilfrido Martínez
Juan Antonio-Bautista
Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
Diana Coutiño-Hernández
Nimbe Torres
Armando R. Tovar
Hermilo Leal-Lara
Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
International Journal of Food Science
title Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
title_full Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
title_fullStr Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
title_full_unstemmed Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
title_short Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Tlayudas, Widely Consumed Tortillas, Containing Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on an In Vivo Model of Hypercholesterolaemia
title_sort characterisation and hypolipidaemic effects of tlayudas widely consumed tortillas containing ganoderma lucidum extracts on an in vivo model of hypercholesterolaemia
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijfo/8096060
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