Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment

The investigations examined a potential reduction in discrepancies between the values of the unperturbed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) and values of the EMF measured by wearable equipment (personal exposure meters) impacted by the proximity of the human body. This was done by model...

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Main Authors: Krzysztof Gryz, Jolanta Karpowicz, Patryk Zradziński
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4607
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author Krzysztof Gryz
Jolanta Karpowicz
Patryk Zradziński
author_facet Krzysztof Gryz
Jolanta Karpowicz
Patryk Zradziński
author_sort Krzysztof Gryz
collection DOAJ
description The investigations examined a potential reduction in discrepancies between the values of the unperturbed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) and values of the EMF measured by wearable equipment (personal exposure meters) impacted by the proximity of the human body. This was done by modelling distributed wearable (multi-location, with up to seven simultaneously locations) measurements. The performed numerical simulations mimicked distributed measurements in 24 environmental exposure scenarios (recognized as virtual measurements) covered: the horizontal or vertical propagation of the EMF and electric field vector polarization corresponding to typical conditions of far-field exposure from wireless communication systems (at a frequency of 100–3600 MHz). Physical tests using three EMF probes for simultaneous measurements have been also performed. Studies showed that the discrepancy in assessing EMF exposure by an on-body equipment and the parameters of the unperturbed EMF in the location under inspection (mimicking the contribution to measurement uncertainty from the human body proximity) may be significantly reduced by the appropriate use of a distributed measurement system. The use of averaged values, from at least three simultaneous measurements at relevant locations on the body, may reduce the uncertainty approximately threefold.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-dfa6e98d71324766bb7e40a06cc6d9472025-08-20T03:36:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012515460710.3390/s25154607Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work EnvironmentKrzysztof Gryz0Jolanta Karpowicz1Patryk Zradziński2Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), 00-701 Warszawa, PolandCentral Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), 00-701 Warszawa, PolandCentral Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), 00-701 Warszawa, PolandThe investigations examined a potential reduction in discrepancies between the values of the unperturbed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) and values of the EMF measured by wearable equipment (personal exposure meters) impacted by the proximity of the human body. This was done by modelling distributed wearable (multi-location, with up to seven simultaneously locations) measurements. The performed numerical simulations mimicked distributed measurements in 24 environmental exposure scenarios (recognized as virtual measurements) covered: the horizontal or vertical propagation of the EMF and electric field vector polarization corresponding to typical conditions of far-field exposure from wireless communication systems (at a frequency of 100–3600 MHz). Physical tests using three EMF probes for simultaneous measurements have been also performed. Studies showed that the discrepancy in assessing EMF exposure by an on-body equipment and the parameters of the unperturbed EMF in the location under inspection (mimicking the contribution to measurement uncertainty from the human body proximity) may be significantly reduced by the appropriate use of a distributed measurement system. The use of averaged values, from at least three simultaneous measurements at relevant locations on the body, may reduce the uncertainty approximately threefold.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4607radiofrequency electromagnetic fieldspersonal exposure metersmeasurementsworkers’ exposure
spellingShingle Krzysztof Gryz
Jolanta Karpowicz
Patryk Zradziński
Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
Sensors
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
personal exposure meters
measurements
workers’ exposure
title Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
title_full Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
title_fullStr Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
title_full_unstemmed Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
title_short Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment
title_sort modeling radiofrequency electromagnetic field wearable distributed multi location measurements system for evaluating electromagnetic hazards in the work environment
topic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
personal exposure meters
measurements
workers’ exposure
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4607
work_keys_str_mv AT krzysztofgryz modelingradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldwearabledistributedmultilocationmeasurementssystemforevaluatingelectromagnetichazardsintheworkenvironment
AT jolantakarpowicz modelingradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldwearabledistributedmultilocationmeasurementssystemforevaluatingelectromagnetichazardsintheworkenvironment
AT patrykzradzinski modelingradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldwearabledistributedmultilocationmeasurementssystemforevaluatingelectromagnetichazardsintheworkenvironment