An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment
Amblyopia, commonly affecting children aged 0–6 years, results from disrupted visual processing during early development and often leads to reduced visual acuity in one eye. This study presents the development and preliminary usability assessment of a non-invasive ocular monitoring device designed t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4823 |
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| author | Juan Camilo Castro-Rizo Juan Pablo Moreno-Garzón Carlos Arturo Narváez Delgado Nicolas Valencia-Jimenéz Javier Ferney Castillo García Alvaro Alexander Ocampo-Gonzalez |
| author_facet | Juan Camilo Castro-Rizo Juan Pablo Moreno-Garzón Carlos Arturo Narváez Delgado Nicolas Valencia-Jimenéz Javier Ferney Castillo García Alvaro Alexander Ocampo-Gonzalez |
| author_sort | Juan Camilo Castro-Rizo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amblyopia, commonly affecting children aged 0–6 years, results from disrupted visual processing during early development and often leads to reduced visual acuity in one eye. This study presents the development and preliminary usability assessment of a non-invasive ocular monitoring device designed to support oculomotor engagement and therapy adherence in amblyopia management. The system incorporates an interactive maze-navigation task controlled via gaze direction, implemented during monocular and binocular sessions. The device tracks lateral and anteroposterior eye movements and generates visual reports, including displacement metrics and elliptical movement graphs. Usability testing was conducted with a non-probabilistic adult sample (<i>n</i> = 15), including individuals with and without amblyopia. The System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded an average score of 75, indicating good usability. Preliminary tests with two adults diagnosed with amblyopia suggested increased eye displacement during monocular sessions, potentially reflecting enhanced engagement rather than direct therapeutic improvement. This feasibility study demonstrates the device’s potential as a supportive, gaze-controlled platform for visual engagement monitoring in amblyopia rehabilitation. Future clinical studies involving pediatric populations and integration of visual stimuli modulation are recommended to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and adaptability for early intervention. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df7bb8a79a1143babf91e6edc820612e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-df7bb8a79a1143babf91e6edc820612e2025-08-20T04:00:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-08-012515482310.3390/s25154823An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia TreatmentJuan Camilo Castro-Rizo0Juan Pablo Moreno-Garzón1Carlos Arturo Narváez Delgado2Nicolas Valencia-Jimenéz3Javier Ferney Castillo García4Alvaro Alexander Ocampo-Gonzalez5Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, ColombiaFaculty of Engineering, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, ColombiaFaculty of Engineering, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, ColombiaDepartment of Education of Santiago de Cali, Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, ColombiaFaculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali 760035, ColombiaFaculty of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, ColombiaAmblyopia, commonly affecting children aged 0–6 years, results from disrupted visual processing during early development and often leads to reduced visual acuity in one eye. This study presents the development and preliminary usability assessment of a non-invasive ocular monitoring device designed to support oculomotor engagement and therapy adherence in amblyopia management. The system incorporates an interactive maze-navigation task controlled via gaze direction, implemented during monocular and binocular sessions. The device tracks lateral and anteroposterior eye movements and generates visual reports, including displacement metrics and elliptical movement graphs. Usability testing was conducted with a non-probabilistic adult sample (<i>n</i> = 15), including individuals with and without amblyopia. The System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded an average score of 75, indicating good usability. Preliminary tests with two adults diagnosed with amblyopia suggested increased eye displacement during monocular sessions, potentially reflecting enhanced engagement rather than direct therapeutic improvement. This feasibility study demonstrates the device’s potential as a supportive, gaze-controlled platform for visual engagement monitoring in amblyopia rehabilitation. Future clinical studies involving pediatric populations and integration of visual stimuli modulation are recommended to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and adaptability for early intervention.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4823amblyopiavisual therapynon-invasiveeye trackingmonitoring tooldichoptic therapy |
| spellingShingle | Juan Camilo Castro-Rizo Juan Pablo Moreno-Garzón Carlos Arturo Narváez Delgado Nicolas Valencia-Jimenéz Javier Ferney Castillo García Alvaro Alexander Ocampo-Gonzalez An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment Sensors amblyopia visual therapy non-invasive eye tracking monitoring tool dichoptic therapy |
| title | An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment |
| title_full | An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment |
| title_fullStr | An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment |
| title_short | An Eye Movement Monitoring Tool: Towards a Non-Invasive Device for Amblyopia Treatment |
| title_sort | eye movement monitoring tool towards a non invasive device for amblyopia treatment |
| topic | amblyopia visual therapy non-invasive eye tracking monitoring tool dichoptic therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4823 |
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