Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects

The coexistence of the winner’s curse and cost overruns in the construction industry implies a cost pendulum in which the winning bid is undervalued, whereas the final payment to the contractor is overvalued. We posit that this results from a strategic interaction between three stakeholders: the pub...

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Main Authors: Yahel Giat, Amichai Mitelman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Games
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/16/2/11
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author Yahel Giat
Amichai Mitelman
author_facet Yahel Giat
Amichai Mitelman
author_sort Yahel Giat
collection DOAJ
description The coexistence of the winner’s curse and cost overruns in the construction industry implies a cost pendulum in which the winning bid is undervalued, whereas the final payment to the contractor is overvalued. We posit that this results from a strategic interaction between three stakeholders: the public agency (PA), the project manager (PM), and the winning contractor, and we propose a game-theoretic framework to model this dynamic. In the current state of practice, the subgame between the contractor and the PM leads to opportunistic contractor behavior and lenient supervision, resulting in increased costs for the PA. We analyze how procedural and cultural interventions by the PA, specifically shifting from a low-bid to an average-bid auction and incentivizing stricter PM oversight, alter the strategic equilibrium. Our findings indicate that while each change alone provides limited improvement, implementing both significantly reduces cost overruns by aligning stakeholder incentives. The findings of this analysis provide insight into how public agencies can mitigate the widespread problem of cost overruns.
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spelling doaj-art-df7b45d39b694cd7acc0dae13eb9c6622025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGGames2073-43362025-03-011621110.3390/g16020011Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction ProjectsYahel Giat0Amichai Mitelman1Department of Industrial Engineering, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9116001, IsraelDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, IsraelThe coexistence of the winner’s curse and cost overruns in the construction industry implies a cost pendulum in which the winning bid is undervalued, whereas the final payment to the contractor is overvalued. We posit that this results from a strategic interaction between three stakeholders: the public agency (PA), the project manager (PM), and the winning contractor, and we propose a game-theoretic framework to model this dynamic. In the current state of practice, the subgame between the contractor and the PM leads to opportunistic contractor behavior and lenient supervision, resulting in increased costs for the PA. We analyze how procedural and cultural interventions by the PA, specifically shifting from a low-bid to an average-bid auction and incentivizing stricter PM oversight, alter the strategic equilibrium. Our findings indicate that while each change alone provides limited improvement, implementing both significantly reduces cost overruns by aligning stakeholder incentives. The findings of this analysis provide insight into how public agencies can mitigate the widespread problem of cost overruns.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/16/2/11project managementconstructioncost overrunspublic tendersopportunism
spellingShingle Yahel Giat
Amichai Mitelman
Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
Games
project management
construction
cost overruns
public tenders
opportunism
title Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
title_full Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
title_fullStr Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
title_full_unstemmed Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
title_short Game Theory Framework for Mitigating the Cost Pendulum in Public Construction Projects
title_sort game theory framework for mitigating the cost pendulum in public construction projects
topic project management
construction
cost overruns
public tenders
opportunism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/16/2/11
work_keys_str_mv AT yahelgiat gametheoryframeworkformitigatingthecostpenduluminpublicconstructionprojects
AT amichaimitelman gametheoryframeworkformitigatingthecostpenduluminpublicconstructionprojects