Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Background This real‐world evidence study compared risks of cardiovascular events in hospital settings among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without hyperkalemia. Methods and Results Adults with CKD stages 3b/4 with and without hyperkalemia were identified from Optum's deide...

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Main Authors: Abiy Agiro, Fan Mu, Erin Cook, Alexandra Greatsinger, Jingyi Chen, Angela Zhao, Elaine Louden, Ellen Colman, Pooja Desai, Glenn M. Chertow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035256
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author Abiy Agiro
Fan Mu
Erin Cook
Alexandra Greatsinger
Jingyi Chen
Angela Zhao
Elaine Louden
Ellen Colman
Pooja Desai
Glenn M. Chertow
author_facet Abiy Agiro
Fan Mu
Erin Cook
Alexandra Greatsinger
Jingyi Chen
Angela Zhao
Elaine Louden
Ellen Colman
Pooja Desai
Glenn M. Chertow
author_sort Abiy Agiro
collection DOAJ
description Background This real‐world evidence study compared risks of cardiovascular events in hospital settings among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without hyperkalemia. Methods and Results Adults with CKD stages 3b/4 with and without hyperkalemia were identified from Optum's deidentified Market Clarity Data (January 2016–August 2022). Patients with hyperkalemia were exact and propensity score matched to patients without hyperkalemia. The index date was the first CKD stage 3b/4 diagnosis with ≥1 hyperkalemia diagnosis and ≥1 serum potassium >5.0 mmol/L in the preceding 12 months (baseline) for patients with hyperkalemia and a randomly selected CKD stage 3b/4 diagnosis for controls. Cardiovascular composite end points included major adverse cardiovascular events plus (a composite end point of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure) and cardiac arrhythmias (a composite end point of new onset atrial fibrillation and other atrial and ventricular arrythmias), all in the hospital setting. We compared cardiovascular events between cohorts using cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards regression. The study included 5301 matched pairs in the analysis of major adverse cardiovascular events plus and 5564 in the analysis of arrhythmia. Cardiovascular events were more likely among patients with hyperkalemia relative to those without hyperkalemia, with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events plus increased by 32% (23%–40%) and the risk of arrhythmia increased by 59% (44%–75%; both P<0.001). Conclusions Among patients with CKD stages 3b/4, patients with hyperkalemia experienced significantly higher risks of major adverse cardiovascular events and arrhythmia in hospital settings relative to patients without hyperkalemia.
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spelling doaj-art-df719cfe64aa44c293a37fed2dec5ea42025-08-20T02:34:35ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-01-0114110.1161/JAHA.124.035256Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney DiseaseAbiy Agiro0Fan Mu1Erin Cook2Alexandra Greatsinger3Jingyi Chen4Angela Zhao5Elaine Louden6Ellen Colman7Pooja Desai8Glenn M. Chertow9AstraZeneca Wilmington DEAnalysis Group, Inc. Boston MAAnalysis Group, Inc. Boston MAAnalysis Group, Inc. New York NYAnalysis Group, Inc. Boston MAAnalysis Group, Inc. Boston MAAnalysis Group, Inc. Boston MAAstraZeneca Wilmington DEAstraZeneca Wilmington DEStanford University School of Medicine Stanford CABackground This real‐world evidence study compared risks of cardiovascular events in hospital settings among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without hyperkalemia. Methods and Results Adults with CKD stages 3b/4 with and without hyperkalemia were identified from Optum's deidentified Market Clarity Data (January 2016–August 2022). Patients with hyperkalemia were exact and propensity score matched to patients without hyperkalemia. The index date was the first CKD stage 3b/4 diagnosis with ≥1 hyperkalemia diagnosis and ≥1 serum potassium >5.0 mmol/L in the preceding 12 months (baseline) for patients with hyperkalemia and a randomly selected CKD stage 3b/4 diagnosis for controls. Cardiovascular composite end points included major adverse cardiovascular events plus (a composite end point of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure) and cardiac arrhythmias (a composite end point of new onset atrial fibrillation and other atrial and ventricular arrythmias), all in the hospital setting. We compared cardiovascular events between cohorts using cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards regression. The study included 5301 matched pairs in the analysis of major adverse cardiovascular events plus and 5564 in the analysis of arrhythmia. Cardiovascular events were more likely among patients with hyperkalemia relative to those without hyperkalemia, with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events plus increased by 32% (23%–40%) and the risk of arrhythmia increased by 59% (44%–75%; both P<0.001). Conclusions Among patients with CKD stages 3b/4, patients with hyperkalemia experienced significantly higher risks of major adverse cardiovascular events and arrhythmia in hospital settings relative to patients without hyperkalemia.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035256cardiovascular outcomeschronic kidney diseasehyperkalemiareal world evidence
spellingShingle Abiy Agiro
Fan Mu
Erin Cook
Alexandra Greatsinger
Jingyi Chen
Angela Zhao
Elaine Louden
Ellen Colman
Pooja Desai
Glenn M. Chertow
Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
cardiovascular outcomes
chronic kidney disease
hyperkalemia
real world evidence
title Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
title_full Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
title_fullStr Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
title_full_unstemmed Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
title_short Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
title_sort hyperkalemia and the risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
topic cardiovascular outcomes
chronic kidney disease
hyperkalemia
real world evidence
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035256
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