Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques
IntroductionLung diseases are widespread worldwide. Pulmonary immunity plays a vital role against lung pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the pathogenesis, including the development of local immune responses to infection, is fundamental for developing interventions to control t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533050/full |
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| author | Zhong-Min Ma Katherine J. Olstad Katherine J. Olstad Koen K. A. Van Rompay Koen K. A. Van Rompay Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller J. Rachel Reader J. Rachel Reader |
| author_facet | Zhong-Min Ma Katherine J. Olstad Katherine J. Olstad Koen K. A. Van Rompay Koen K. A. Van Rompay Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller J. Rachel Reader J. Rachel Reader |
| author_sort | Zhong-Min Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionLung diseases are widespread worldwide. Pulmonary immunity plays a vital role against lung pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the pathogenesis, including the development of local immune responses to infection, is fundamental for developing interventions to control the viral infection.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of immune cells in the lungs of rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and euthanized 11–14 days later.ResultsTertiary lymphoid tissue was found in all SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. The number (13.9 vs 1.5 iPLT number/ lung cm2), size (25992 vs 13946 µm2) and total area (0.46 vs 0.02 mm2 iPLT/ lung cm2) of the lymphoid tissue aggregations were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals than that of normal controls. This induced pulmonary lymphoid tissues comprised B cells, T cells, CD169 macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells with evidence of lymphocyte priming and differentiation.DiscussionThe results suggest local immunity plays an important role in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further study of pulmonary immunity could lead to new interventions to develop vaccine strategies and discover new immune-regulatory biomarkers in monitoring and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and other lung diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df6d2a941ab7447f95d04437cb6247b7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-df6d2a941ab7447f95d04437cb6247b72025-08-20T02:52:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15330501533050Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaquesZhong-Min Ma0Katherine J. Olstad1Katherine J. Olstad2Koen K. A. Van Rompay3Koen K. A. Van Rompay4Smita S. Iyer5Smita S. Iyer6Smita S. Iyer7Christopher J. Miller8Christopher J. Miller9Christopher J. Miller10J. Rachel Reader11J. Rachel Reader12California National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCenter for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCenter for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCalifornia National Primate Research Center, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesIntroductionLung diseases are widespread worldwide. Pulmonary immunity plays a vital role against lung pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the pathogenesis, including the development of local immune responses to infection, is fundamental for developing interventions to control the viral infection.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of immune cells in the lungs of rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and euthanized 11–14 days later.ResultsTertiary lymphoid tissue was found in all SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. The number (13.9 vs 1.5 iPLT number/ lung cm2), size (25992 vs 13946 µm2) and total area (0.46 vs 0.02 mm2 iPLT/ lung cm2) of the lymphoid tissue aggregations were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals than that of normal controls. This induced pulmonary lymphoid tissues comprised B cells, T cells, CD169 macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells with evidence of lymphocyte priming and differentiation.DiscussionThe results suggest local immunity plays an important role in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further study of pulmonary immunity could lead to new interventions to develop vaccine strategies and discover new immune-regulatory biomarkers in monitoring and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and other lung diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533050/fullpulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissuerespiratory viral infectionSAR-CoV-2immune responseCD169animal model |
| spellingShingle | Zhong-Min Ma Katherine J. Olstad Katherine J. Olstad Koen K. A. Van Rompay Koen K. A. Van Rompay Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Smita S. Iyer Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller Christopher J. Miller J. Rachel Reader J. Rachel Reader Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques Frontiers in Immunology pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue respiratory viral infection SAR-CoV-2 immune response CD169 animal model |
| title | Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| title_full | Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| title_fullStr | Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| title_short | Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| title_sort | pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after sars cov 2 infection in rhesus macaques |
| topic | pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue respiratory viral infection SAR-CoV-2 immune response CD169 animal model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533050/full |
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