A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives

Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) encompass a range of processes from preliminary to advanced stages. Conventional treatments are increasingly inadequate for handling emergent pollutants, particularly organic compounds with carcinogenic potential that pose risks to aquifers. Recent advancements pr...

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Main Authors: José Fernandes, Paulo J. Ramísio, Hélder Puga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Eng
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/4/138
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author José Fernandes
Paulo J. Ramísio
Hélder Puga
author_facet José Fernandes
Paulo J. Ramísio
Hélder Puga
author_sort José Fernandes
collection DOAJ
description Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) encompass a range of processes from preliminary to advanced stages. Conventional treatments are increasingly inadequate for handling emergent pollutants, particularly organic compounds with carcinogenic potential that pose risks to aquifers. Recent advancements prioritize integrating Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and adsorbents with conventional methods to effectively retain organic pollutants and enhance mineralization. There is a growing preference for non-chemical or minimally chemical approaches. Innovations such as combining ozone and other biological processes with photo-sono-assisted methods, alongside integrating AOPs with adsorbents, are promising. These approaches leverage catalyst-assisted reactions to optimize oxidation efficiency. This review aims to provide a holistic perspective on WWTP processes, spanning wastewater intake to the production of potable water, highlighting key technologies, operational challenges, and future trends. The focus is on advancing sustainable practices and enhancing treatment efficacy to safeguard water quality and address evolving environmental concerns effectively.
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spelling doaj-art-df323469d8774789bc0a158239f3fcc62025-08-20T02:55:52ZengMDPI AGEng2673-41172024-10-01542633266110.3390/eng5040138A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future PerspectivesJosé Fernandes0Paulo J. Ramísio1Hélder Puga2CMEMS-UMinho—Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCTAC—Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCMEMS-UMinho—Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalWastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) encompass a range of processes from preliminary to advanced stages. Conventional treatments are increasingly inadequate for handling emergent pollutants, particularly organic compounds with carcinogenic potential that pose risks to aquifers. Recent advancements prioritize integrating Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and adsorbents with conventional methods to effectively retain organic pollutants and enhance mineralization. There is a growing preference for non-chemical or minimally chemical approaches. Innovations such as combining ozone and other biological processes with photo-sono-assisted methods, alongside integrating AOPs with adsorbents, are promising. These approaches leverage catalyst-assisted reactions to optimize oxidation efficiency. This review aims to provide a holistic perspective on WWTP processes, spanning wastewater intake to the production of potable water, highlighting key technologies, operational challenges, and future trends. The focus is on advancing sustainable practices and enhancing treatment efficacy to safeguard water quality and address evolving environmental concerns effectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/4/138wastewater treatment plantadvanced oxidation processemergent pollutantssono-based processesphoto-based processesadsorption
spellingShingle José Fernandes
Paulo J. Ramísio
Hélder Puga
A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
Eng
wastewater treatment plant
advanced oxidation process
emergent pollutants
sono-based processes
photo-based processes
adsorption
title A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
title_full A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
title_short A Comprehensive Review on Various Phases of Wastewater Technologies: Trends and Future Perspectives
title_sort comprehensive review on various phases of wastewater technologies trends and future perspectives
topic wastewater treatment plant
advanced oxidation process
emergent pollutants
sono-based processes
photo-based processes
adsorption
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/4/138
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