Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions

This research evaluates the rheological and mechanical properties of polymer- and nanomaterials-modified bitumen by incorporating nanosilica (NSA), nanoclay (NCY), and Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) at 5% by weight of the bitumen. The samples were prepared at 165 °C for one hour to obtain homo...

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Main Authors: Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali, Khalifa Salem Gallouz, Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa, Mustafa Alas, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1071
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author Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali
Khalifa Salem Gallouz
Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa
Mustafa Alas
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
author_facet Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali
Khalifa Salem Gallouz
Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa
Mustafa Alas
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
author_sort Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali
collection DOAJ
description This research evaluates the rheological and mechanical properties of polymer- and nanomaterials-modified bitumen by incorporating nanosilica (NSA), nanoclay (NCY), and Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) at 5% by weight of the bitumen. The samples were prepared at 165 °C for one hour to obtain homogeneous blends. All samples were subjected to short- and long-term aging to simulate the effects of different operating conditions. The research conducted a series of tests, including consistency, frequency sweep, and multiple creep stress and recovery (MSCR) using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results showed that all modified bitumen outperformed the neat bitumen. The frequency sweep showed a higher complex modulus (G*) and lower phase angle (δ), indicating enhanced viscoelastic properties and, thus, higher resistance to permanent deformation. The BBR test revealed that the bitumen modified with NCY5% has a creep stiffness of 47.13 MPa, a 51.5% improvement compared to the neat bitumen, while the NSA5% has the highest m-value, a 28.5% enhancement compared with the neat bitumen. The MSCR showed that the modified blends have better recovery properties and, therefore, better resistance to permanent deformation under repeated loadings. The aging index demonstrated that the modified bitumen is less vulnerable to aging and maintains their good flexibility and resistance to permanent deformations. Finally, these results showed that adding 5% polymer and nanomaterials improved the bitumen’s’ performance before and after aging by reducing permanent deformation and enhancing crack resistance at low temperatures, thus extending the pavement service life and making them an effective alternative for improving pavement performance in various climatic conditions and under high traffic loads.
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spelling doaj-art-df2907fb5c604c0ba3be1ae04e0f7dde2025-08-20T03:08:06ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-07-011514107110.3390/nano15141071Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging ConditionsShaban Ismael Albrka Ali0Khalifa Salem Gallouz1Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa2Mustafa Alas3Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan4Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, OmanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, CyprusSustainable Asphalt Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Engineering Campus), Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, CyprusSustainable Asphalt Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Engineering Campus), Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaThis research evaluates the rheological and mechanical properties of polymer- and nanomaterials-modified bitumen by incorporating nanosilica (NSA), nanoclay (NCY), and Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) at 5% by weight of the bitumen. The samples were prepared at 165 °C for one hour to obtain homogeneous blends. All samples were subjected to short- and long-term aging to simulate the effects of different operating conditions. The research conducted a series of tests, including consistency, frequency sweep, and multiple creep stress and recovery (MSCR) using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results showed that all modified bitumen outperformed the neat bitumen. The frequency sweep showed a higher complex modulus (G*) and lower phase angle (δ), indicating enhanced viscoelastic properties and, thus, higher resistance to permanent deformation. The BBR test revealed that the bitumen modified with NCY5% has a creep stiffness of 47.13 MPa, a 51.5% improvement compared to the neat bitumen, while the NSA5% has the highest m-value, a 28.5% enhancement compared with the neat bitumen. The MSCR showed that the modified blends have better recovery properties and, therefore, better resistance to permanent deformation under repeated loadings. The aging index demonstrated that the modified bitumen is less vulnerable to aging and maintains their good flexibility and resistance to permanent deformations. Finally, these results showed that adding 5% polymer and nanomaterials improved the bitumen’s’ performance before and after aging by reducing permanent deformation and enhancing crack resistance at low temperatures, thus extending the pavement service life and making them an effective alternative for improving pavement performance in various climatic conditions and under high traffic loads.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1071modified bitumenpolymernanomaterialsdynamic shear rheometerbending beam rheometershort- and long-term aging
spellingShingle Shaban Ismael Albrka Ali
Khalifa Salem Gallouz
Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa
Mustafa Alas
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
Nanomaterials
modified bitumen
polymer
nanomaterials
dynamic shear rheometer
bending beam rheometer
short- and long-term aging
title Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
title_full Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
title_fullStr Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
title_short Evaluations on the Properties of Polymer and Nanomaterials Modified Bitumen Under Different Aging Conditions
title_sort evaluations on the properties of polymer and nanomaterials modified bitumen under different aging conditions
topic modified bitumen
polymer
nanomaterials
dynamic shear rheometer
bending beam rheometer
short- and long-term aging
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1071
work_keys_str_mv AT shabanismaelalbrkaali evaluationsonthepropertiesofpolymerandnanomaterialsmodifiedbitumenunderdifferentagingconditions
AT khalifasalemgallouz evaluationsonthepropertiesofpolymerandnanomaterialsmodifiedbitumenunderdifferentagingconditions
AT ikennaduwanuakwa evaluationsonthepropertiesofpolymerandnanomaterialsmodifiedbitumenunderdifferentagingconditions
AT mustafaalas evaluationsonthepropertiesofpolymerandnanomaterialsmodifiedbitumenunderdifferentagingconditions
AT mohdroslimohdhasan evaluationsonthepropertiesofpolymerandnanomaterialsmodifiedbitumenunderdifferentagingconditions