Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial

Abstract. Objective. To compare the effects of human breast milk with those of chlorhexidine and the dry method on umbilical cord separation in Ethiopia. Methods. This open-label 3-arm nonrandomized pilot clinical trial was conducted among 45 neonates (15 in each arm) with more than 630 home visits....

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Main Authors: Yang Pan, Jue Li, Bekalu Kassie Alemu, Leltework Yismaw Wondimagegn, Yibelu Bazezew, Tewachew Muche Liyeh, Abebaw Abeje Muluneh, Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie, Alekaw Sema, Melese Linger Endalifer, Getnet Gedefaw Azeze, Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Wing Fong Lee, Yao Wang, Chi Chiu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Health 2024-10-01
Series:Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/FM9.0000000000000243
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author Yang Pan
Jue Li
Bekalu Kassie Alemu
Leltework Yismaw Wondimagegn
Yibelu Bazezew
Tewachew Muche Liyeh
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh
Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
Alekaw Sema
Melese Linger Endalifer
Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Kenean Getaneh Tlaye
Wing Fong Lee
Yao Wang
Chi Chiu Wang
author_facet Yang Pan
Jue Li
Bekalu Kassie Alemu
Leltework Yismaw Wondimagegn
Yibelu Bazezew
Tewachew Muche Liyeh
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh
Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
Alekaw Sema
Melese Linger Endalifer
Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Kenean Getaneh Tlaye
Wing Fong Lee
Yao Wang
Chi Chiu Wang
author_sort Yang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract. Objective. To compare the effects of human breast milk with those of chlorhexidine and the dry method on umbilical cord separation in Ethiopia. Methods. This open-label 3-arm nonrandomized pilot clinical trial was conducted among 45 neonates (15 in each arm) with more than 630 home visits. After a standard cord cut, human breast milk, chlorhexidine, or nothing was applied once per day for 7 days. The primary outcome was the duration of cord separation, while the secondary outcomes were umbilical cord infection, neonatal fever, jaundice, feeding and breathing difficulty, and persistent crying. Results. There were statistically significant differences in the time-to-cord separation between the human breast milk group and the chlorhexidine (P < 0.001) and dry alone (P = 0.038) groups. Compared to those of chlorhexidine, the rates of cord separation among human breast milk and the dry-alone group were 16.02, with 95% confidence intervals (3.81, 37.43; P < 0.001) and 3.15 (0.99, 10.00; P = 0.052), respectively. One (6.7%) cord site infection was observed in the dry-alone groups only. Conclusion. This community-label study indicated that human breast milk application significantly shortened the length of umbilical cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine and dry methods. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these results. Registration. PACTR202310902873290; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za
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spelling doaj-art-df2350ff5f6044e68af76f1dca3643c32025-08-20T01:57:01ZengWolters Kluwer HealthMaternal-Fetal Medicine2096-69542641-58952024-10-016420321010.1097/FM9.0000000000000243202410000-00001Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical TrialYang PanJue LiBekalu Kassie Alemu0Leltework Yismaw Wondimagegn1Yibelu Bazezew2Tewachew Muche Liyeh3Abebaw Abeje Muluneh4Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie5Alekaw Sema6Melese Linger Endalifer7Getnet Gedefaw Azeze8Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel9Kenean Getaneh Tlaye10Wing Fong Lee11Yao Wang12Chi Chiu Wang131 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos 269, Ethiopia3 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos 269, Ethiopia1 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos 269, Ethiopia4 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor 272, Ethiopia1 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos 269, Ethiopia4 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor 272, Ethiopia6 Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire-Dawa University, Dire-Dawa 1362, Ethiopia7 Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos 269, Ethiopia2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, ChinaAbstract. Objective. To compare the effects of human breast milk with those of chlorhexidine and the dry method on umbilical cord separation in Ethiopia. Methods. This open-label 3-arm nonrandomized pilot clinical trial was conducted among 45 neonates (15 in each arm) with more than 630 home visits. After a standard cord cut, human breast milk, chlorhexidine, or nothing was applied once per day for 7 days. The primary outcome was the duration of cord separation, while the secondary outcomes were umbilical cord infection, neonatal fever, jaundice, feeding and breathing difficulty, and persistent crying. Results. There were statistically significant differences in the time-to-cord separation between the human breast milk group and the chlorhexidine (P < 0.001) and dry alone (P = 0.038) groups. Compared to those of chlorhexidine, the rates of cord separation among human breast milk and the dry-alone group were 16.02, with 95% confidence intervals (3.81, 37.43; P < 0.001) and 3.15 (0.99, 10.00; P = 0.052), respectively. One (6.7%) cord site infection was observed in the dry-alone groups only. Conclusion. This community-label study indicated that human breast milk application significantly shortened the length of umbilical cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine and dry methods. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these results. Registration. PACTR202310902873290; https://pactr.samrc.ac.zahttp://journals.lww.com/10.1097/FM9.0000000000000243
spellingShingle Yang Pan
Jue Li
Bekalu Kassie Alemu
Leltework Yismaw Wondimagegn
Yibelu Bazezew
Tewachew Muche Liyeh
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh
Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
Alekaw Sema
Melese Linger Endalifer
Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Kenean Getaneh Tlaye
Wing Fong Lee
Yao Wang
Chi Chiu Wang
Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
title Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
title_full Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
title_fullStr Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
title_full_unstemmed Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
title_short Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial
title_sort breast milk application as a natural method for umbilical cord care a community label 3 arm pilot clinical trial
url http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/FM9.0000000000000243
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