Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures

Illitic clays are one of the most important materials used in the ceramic industry. Carbonates support the densification and the sintering of ceramics. Five mixtures of illitic clay with calcite were prepared aiming for the crystallization of anorthite ceramics. The stoichiometric ratio of anorthite...

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Main Authors: Štefan Csáki, Tibor Kovács, Martin Keppert, Vojtěch Pommer, František Lukáč, Michal Knapek, Peter Minárik, Anton Trník
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/7/592
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author Štefan Csáki
Tibor Kovács
Martin Keppert
Vojtěch Pommer
František Lukáč
Michal Knapek
Peter Minárik
Anton Trník
author_facet Štefan Csáki
Tibor Kovács
Martin Keppert
Vojtěch Pommer
František Lukáč
Michal Knapek
Peter Minárik
Anton Trník
author_sort Štefan Csáki
collection DOAJ
description Illitic clays are one of the most important materials used in the ceramic industry. Carbonates support the densification and the sintering of ceramics. Five mixtures of illitic clay with calcite were prepared aiming for the crystallization of anorthite ceramics. The stoichiometric ratio of anorthite crystallization was determined at 21.6 wt.% of calcite content. To reveal the effect of calcite on the crystallization processes, two more mixtures were prepared below the stoichiometric composition (17.6 wt.% and 19.6 wt.%) and two more mixtures above the ideal composition (23.6 wt.% and 25.6 wt.%). X-ray diffraction revealed that gehlenite and Ca-feldspar were formed, which are the intermediate phases in anorthite crystallization. However, due to the low purity of illitic clay and the low firing temperature, no anorthite formation was observed. The influence of calcite content on Young’s modulus was negligible. However, a clear effect on the open porosity was revealed.
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institution Kabale University
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Crystals
spelling doaj-art-df1e2d98b4c5477d9e051ba73a7112fc2025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-06-0115759210.3390/cryst15070592Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing TemperaturesŠtefan Csáki0Tibor Kovács1Martin Keppert2Vojtěch Pommer3František Lukáč4Michal Knapek5Peter Minárik6Anton Trník7Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Plasma Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 8, 182 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, SlovakiaIllitic clays are one of the most important materials used in the ceramic industry. Carbonates support the densification and the sintering of ceramics. Five mixtures of illitic clay with calcite were prepared aiming for the crystallization of anorthite ceramics. The stoichiometric ratio of anorthite crystallization was determined at 21.6 wt.% of calcite content. To reveal the effect of calcite on the crystallization processes, two more mixtures were prepared below the stoichiometric composition (17.6 wt.% and 19.6 wt.%) and two more mixtures above the ideal composition (23.6 wt.% and 25.6 wt.%). X-ray diffraction revealed that gehlenite and Ca-feldspar were formed, which are the intermediate phases in anorthite crystallization. However, due to the low purity of illitic clay and the low firing temperature, no anorthite formation was observed. The influence of calcite content on Young’s modulus was negligible. However, a clear effect on the open porosity was revealed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/7/592Young’s modulusporosityillite/smectiteCaCO<sub>3</sub>firing temperatureanorthite
spellingShingle Štefan Csáki
Tibor Kovács
Martin Keppert
Vojtěch Pommer
František Lukáč
Michal Knapek
Peter Minárik
Anton Trník
Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
Crystals
Young’s modulus
porosity
illite/smectite
CaCO<sub>3</sub>
firing temperature
anorthite
title Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
title_full Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
title_fullStr Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
title_full_unstemmed Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
title_short Development of Young’s Modulus of Illite/Smectite—CaCO<sub>3</sub> Composites After Various Firing Temperatures
title_sort development of young s modulus of illite smectite caco sub 3 sub composites after various firing temperatures
topic Young’s modulus
porosity
illite/smectite
CaCO<sub>3</sub>
firing temperature
anorthite
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/7/592
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