Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study

Abstract Background In clear aligner therapy, tooth movement can be designed individually by computer software. However, the deformation of the aligner created by the virtual movement of one tooth may affect the actual movement of other teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the amount of...

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Main Authors: Xin Yue Tang, Ting Jiang, Han Su, Daphne Yuchen Chin, Jia Yi Chen, Yu Qi Qin, Guo Hua Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05712-0
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author Xin Yue Tang
Ting Jiang
Han Su
Daphne Yuchen Chin
Jia Yi Chen
Yu Qi Qin
Guo Hua Tang
author_facet Xin Yue Tang
Ting Jiang
Han Su
Daphne Yuchen Chin
Jia Yi Chen
Yu Qi Qin
Guo Hua Tang
author_sort Xin Yue Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In clear aligner therapy, tooth movement can be designed individually by computer software. However, the deformation of the aligner created by the virtual movement of one tooth may affect the actual movement of other teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the amount of canine movement on the responses of incisors and posterior teeth during maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligner. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition was constructed for first premolar extraction. The incisors were retracted by 0.15 mm with an intrusion of 0.10 mm. The canine was bodily retracted in six groups with different amount of 0 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.30 mm. The groups were named after the amount of canine movement. Separate canine retraction of 0.25 mm was set in an additional group. ANSYS® software was used to calculate the initial displacements and forces on the dentition in each group. Results In incisor retraction with no canine movement (group 0), the incisors underwent uncontrolled lingual tipping and the canine exhibited mesial tipping. As the amount of canine movement increased, the lingual retraction force and clockwise moment on the incisors gradually weakened. The incisors exhibited less lingual inclination with more extrusion, while the canine displayed more distal inclination and less extrusion. The central and lateral incisors showed controlled lingual tipping and lingual root movement respectively in group 0.25, and both the incisors inclined labially in group 0.30. During separate canine retraction, the canine experienced distal tipping and the incisors showed labial tipping. Posterior teeth exhibited mesial tipping in all groups, the amount of which was in positive correlation with the amount of canine movement. Conclusion During en-masse retraction with clear aligner, the uncontrolled lingual tipping of incisors can be eliminated by increasing the amount of canine retraction. Practitioners need to pay attention to the reciprocal effects of the designed tooth movements during clear aligner therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-df147badd2434e57a1aed053adabe58f2025-08-20T03:05:44ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-03-0125111110.1186/s12903-025-05712-0Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element studyXin Yue Tang0Ting Jiang1Han Su2Daphne Yuchen Chin3Jia Yi Chen4Yu Qi Qin5Guo Hua Tang6Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesAbstract Background In clear aligner therapy, tooth movement can be designed individually by computer software. However, the deformation of the aligner created by the virtual movement of one tooth may affect the actual movement of other teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the amount of canine movement on the responses of incisors and posterior teeth during maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligner. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition was constructed for first premolar extraction. The incisors were retracted by 0.15 mm with an intrusion of 0.10 mm. The canine was bodily retracted in six groups with different amount of 0 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.30 mm. The groups were named after the amount of canine movement. Separate canine retraction of 0.25 mm was set in an additional group. ANSYS® software was used to calculate the initial displacements and forces on the dentition in each group. Results In incisor retraction with no canine movement (group 0), the incisors underwent uncontrolled lingual tipping and the canine exhibited mesial tipping. As the amount of canine movement increased, the lingual retraction force and clockwise moment on the incisors gradually weakened. The incisors exhibited less lingual inclination with more extrusion, while the canine displayed more distal inclination and less extrusion. The central and lateral incisors showed controlled lingual tipping and lingual root movement respectively in group 0.25, and both the incisors inclined labially in group 0.30. During separate canine retraction, the canine experienced distal tipping and the incisors showed labial tipping. Posterior teeth exhibited mesial tipping in all groups, the amount of which was in positive correlation with the amount of canine movement. Conclusion During en-masse retraction with clear aligner, the uncontrolled lingual tipping of incisors can be eliminated by increasing the amount of canine retraction. Practitioners need to pay attention to the reciprocal effects of the designed tooth movements during clear aligner therapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05712-0Clear alignerEn-masse retractionCanine movementAnterior torquePosterior anchorageFinite element analysis
spellingShingle Xin Yue Tang
Ting Jiang
Han Su
Daphne Yuchen Chin
Jia Yi Chen
Yu Qi Qin
Guo Hua Tang
Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
BMC Oral Health
Clear aligner
En-masse retraction
Canine movement
Anterior torque
Posterior anchorage
Finite element analysis
title Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
title_full Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
title_fullStr Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
title_short Effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en-masse retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study
title_sort effects of canine movement on maxillary anterior en masse retraction with clear aligners a finite element study
topic Clear aligner
En-masse retraction
Canine movement
Anterior torque
Posterior anchorage
Finite element analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05712-0
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