Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia
Background: This study aims to explore the association between sleep patterns in children and their exposure to phthalates to assess potential health implications. Methods: Participants (n = 60) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Consumer behavior scores (CBS) were ca...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Martina Jahnátková Henrieta Hlisníková Ida Petrovičová Branislav Kolena |
| author_facet | Martina Jahnátková Henrieta Hlisníková Ida Petrovičová Branislav Kolena |
| author_sort | Martina Jahnátková |
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| description | Background: This study aims to explore the association between sleep patterns in children and their exposure to phthalates to assess potential health implications. Methods: Participants (n = 60) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Consumer behavior scores (CBS) were calculated. The Tanner scale was used to monitor the stages of puberty. First-morning urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The average sleep duration was 8 h and 44 min, with boys sleeping significantly longer (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Notably, 51.7% of participants reported sleeping less than 9 h. The nonlinear effects of phthalate metabolite in association with PSQI were observed for hydroxy-mono-isononyl phthalate (OH-MiNP, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and MnOP (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that the relationship does not follow a simple linear pattern. Simple linear regression revealed a significant positive association between the Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP) and PSQI scores (<i>p</i> = 0.016). After adjustment for place of residence, BMI, CBS, sex, and age, the significance of associations between phthalate metabolites and sleep quality diminished, necessitating cautious interpretation. No statistically significant associations between pubertal changes and the value of PSQI as well as phthalates were observed. Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence of potential nonlinear associations that require validation in a larger cohort. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring phthalate exposure in children, as it may influence sleep patterns and overall health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df124cd03da641a3b7c731d15cfacd73 |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-df124cd03da641a3b7c731d15cfacd732025-08-20T03:13:45ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-04-0113428610.3390/toxics13040286Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from SlovakiaMartina Jahnátková0Henrieta Hlisníková1Ida Petrovičová2Branislav Kolena3Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, SlovakiaBackground: This study aims to explore the association between sleep patterns in children and their exposure to phthalates to assess potential health implications. Methods: Participants (n = 60) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Consumer behavior scores (CBS) were calculated. The Tanner scale was used to monitor the stages of puberty. First-morning urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The average sleep duration was 8 h and 44 min, with boys sleeping significantly longer (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Notably, 51.7% of participants reported sleeping less than 9 h. The nonlinear effects of phthalate metabolite in association with PSQI were observed for hydroxy-mono-isononyl phthalate (OH-MiNP, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and MnOP (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that the relationship does not follow a simple linear pattern. Simple linear regression revealed a significant positive association between the Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP) and PSQI scores (<i>p</i> = 0.016). After adjustment for place of residence, BMI, CBS, sex, and age, the significance of associations between phthalate metabolites and sleep quality diminished, necessitating cautious interpretation. No statistically significant associations between pubertal changes and the value of PSQI as well as phthalates were observed. Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence of potential nonlinear associations that require validation in a larger cohort. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring phthalate exposure in children, as it may influence sleep patterns and overall health.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/286phthalatessleep qualitypubertyendocrine disruptorsbiomonitoring |
| spellingShingle | Martina Jahnátková Henrieta Hlisníková Ida Petrovičová Branislav Kolena Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia Toxics phthalates sleep quality puberty endocrine disruptors biomonitoring |
| title | Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia |
| title_full | Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia |
| title_short | Exploring the Association Between Sleep Patterns, Pubertal Health, and Phthalate Exposure—Preliminary Results from Slovakia |
| title_sort | exploring the association between sleep patterns pubertal health and phthalate exposure preliminary results from slovakia |
| topic | phthalates sleep quality puberty endocrine disruptors biomonitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/4/286 |
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