Epidemiologic and Genomic Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae and Effectiveness of Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine, Democratic Republic of the Congo

We conducted 4 years of epidemiologic and genomic surveillance of single-dose effectiveness of a killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) and Vibrio cholerae transmission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We enrolled 1,154 patients with diarrhea; 342 of those had culture-confirmed chole...

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Main Authors: Christine Marie George, Alves Namunesha, Kelly Endres, Willy Felicien, Presence Sanvura, Jean-Claude Bisimwa, Jamie Perin, Justin Bengehya, Jean Claude Kulondwa, Ghislain Maheshe, Cirhuza Cikomola, Lucien Bisimwa, Alain Mwishingo, David A. Sack, Daryl Domman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2025-02-01
Series:Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/2/24-1777_article
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Summary:We conducted 4 years of epidemiologic and genomic surveillance of single-dose effectiveness of a killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) and Vibrio cholerae transmission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We enrolled 1,154 patients with diarrhea; 342 of those had culture-confirmed cholera. We performed whole-genome sequencing on clinical and water V. cholerae isolates from 200 patient households, which showed annual bimodal peaks of V. cholerae clade AFR10e infections. A large clonal cholera outbreak occurred 14 months after a kOCV campaign of >1 million doses, likely because of low (9%) vaccine coverage in informal settlements. Clinical and water isolates collected in the same household were closely related, suggesting person-to-person and water-to-person transmission. Single-dose kOCV vaccine effectiveness 24 months after vaccination was 59.8% (95% CI 19.7%–79.9%), suggesting modest single-dose kOCV protection. kOCV campaigns combined with water, sanitation, and hygiene programs should be used to reduce cholera in disease-endemic settings worldwide.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059