Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
Filamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120 |
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| author | Danni Hu Ruoyu Zhao Yingxu Lin Chunmiao Jiang |
| author_facet | Danni Hu Ruoyu Zhao Yingxu Lin Chunmiao Jiang |
| author_sort | Danni Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Filamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence fungal development and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi. In this review, we primarily discuss the structural characterization, different types, and phylogenetic analysis of filamentous fungi GATA TFs in filamentous fungi. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the multifunctions of GATA TFs in the mycelial growth, morphological differentiation, and conidial development of filamentous fungi. In addition, we explore their functions in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins) and organic acids (e.g., ganoderic acid, fumaric acid) in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we focus on the key roles of GATA TFs <i>AreA</i> and <i>AreB</i> in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in filamentous fungi and their potential synergistic regulatory relationships. Finally, we review the important roles of GATA TFs in the adaptation of filamentous fungi to environmental changes. This review provides research ideas for the development of genetically engineered strains with optimized growth characteristics, increased target metabolites in the fermentation production process, and enhanced environmental adaptability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df034dcc18d54ba1b4ff5a79ad2bfc5d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-df034dcc18d54ba1b4ff5a79ad2bfc5d2025-08-20T03:16:19ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-06-0116612010.3390/microbiolres16060120Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental ResponseDanni Hu0Ruoyu Zhao1Yingxu Lin2Chunmiao Jiang3Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaFilamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence fungal development and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi. In this review, we primarily discuss the structural characterization, different types, and phylogenetic analysis of filamentous fungi GATA TFs in filamentous fungi. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the multifunctions of GATA TFs in the mycelial growth, morphological differentiation, and conidial development of filamentous fungi. In addition, we explore their functions in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins) and organic acids (e.g., ganoderic acid, fumaric acid) in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we focus on the key roles of GATA TFs <i>AreA</i> and <i>AreB</i> in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in filamentous fungi and their potential synergistic regulatory relationships. Finally, we review the important roles of GATA TFs in the adaptation of filamentous fungi to environmental changes. This review provides research ideas for the development of genetically engineered strains with optimized growth characteristics, increased target metabolites in the fermentation production process, and enhanced environmental adaptability.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120filamentous fungiGATA transcription factorsnitrogen metabolismmycelial growthenvironmental adaptation |
| spellingShingle | Danni Hu Ruoyu Zhao Yingxu Lin Chunmiao Jiang Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response Microbiology Research filamentous fungi GATA transcription factors nitrogen metabolism mycelial growth environmental adaptation |
| title | Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response |
| title_full | Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response |
| title_short | Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response |
| title_sort | evolution and functional diversity of gata transcription factors in filamentous fungi structural characteristics metabolic regulation and environmental response |
| topic | filamentous fungi GATA transcription factors nitrogen metabolism mycelial growth environmental adaptation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120 |
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