Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response

Filamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence...

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Main Authors: Danni Hu, Ruoyu Zhao, Yingxu Lin, Chunmiao Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120
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author Danni Hu
Ruoyu Zhao
Yingxu Lin
Chunmiao Jiang
author_facet Danni Hu
Ruoyu Zhao
Yingxu Lin
Chunmiao Jiang
author_sort Danni Hu
collection DOAJ
description Filamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence fungal development and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi. In this review, we primarily discuss the structural characterization, different types, and phylogenetic analysis of filamentous fungi GATA TFs in filamentous fungi. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the multifunctions of GATA TFs in the mycelial growth, morphological differentiation, and conidial development of filamentous fungi. In addition, we explore their functions in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins) and organic acids (e.g., ganoderic acid, fumaric acid) in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we focus on the key roles of GATA TFs <i>AreA</i> and <i>AreB</i> in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in filamentous fungi and their potential synergistic regulatory relationships. Finally, we review the important roles of GATA TFs in the adaptation of filamentous fungi to environmental changes. This review provides research ideas for the development of genetically engineered strains with optimized growth characteristics, increased target metabolites in the fermentation production process, and enhanced environmental adaptability.
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spelling doaj-art-df034dcc18d54ba1b4ff5a79ad2bfc5d2025-08-20T03:16:19ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-06-0116612010.3390/microbiolres16060120Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental ResponseDanni Hu0Ruoyu Zhao1Yingxu Lin2Chunmiao Jiang3Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Drug Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, ChinaFilamentous fungi hold critical industrial value for their ability to produce enzymes, antibiotics, organic acids, and food fermentation. GATA transcription factors (TFs) serve as central regulators of nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of secondary metabolites, stress adaptation, and directly influence fungal development and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi. In this review, we primarily discuss the structural characterization, different types, and phylogenetic analysis of filamentous fungi GATA TFs in filamentous fungi. Subsequently, we systematically summarize the multifunctions of GATA TFs in the mycelial growth, morphological differentiation, and conidial development of filamentous fungi. In addition, we explore their functions in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins) and organic acids (e.g., ganoderic acid, fumaric acid) in filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we focus on the key roles of GATA TFs <i>AreA</i> and <i>AreB</i> in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in filamentous fungi and their potential synergistic regulatory relationships. Finally, we review the important roles of GATA TFs in the adaptation of filamentous fungi to environmental changes. This review provides research ideas for the development of genetically engineered strains with optimized growth characteristics, increased target metabolites in the fermentation production process, and enhanced environmental adaptability.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120filamentous fungiGATA transcription factorsnitrogen metabolismmycelial growthenvironmental adaptation
spellingShingle Danni Hu
Ruoyu Zhao
Yingxu Lin
Chunmiao Jiang
Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
Microbiology Research
filamentous fungi
GATA transcription factors
nitrogen metabolism
mycelial growth
environmental adaptation
title Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
title_full Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
title_fullStr Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
title_full_unstemmed Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
title_short Evolution and Functional Diversity of GATA Transcription Factors in Filamentous Fungi: Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Regulation and Environmental Response
title_sort evolution and functional diversity of gata transcription factors in filamentous fungi structural characteristics metabolic regulation and environmental response
topic filamentous fungi
GATA transcription factors
nitrogen metabolism
mycelial growth
environmental adaptation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/6/120
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AT ruoyuzhao evolutionandfunctionaldiversityofgatatranscriptionfactorsinfilamentousfungistructuralcharacteristicsmetabolicregulationandenvironmentalresponse
AT yingxulin evolutionandfunctionaldiversityofgatatranscriptionfactorsinfilamentousfungistructuralcharacteristicsmetabolicregulationandenvironmentalresponse
AT chunmiaojiang evolutionandfunctionaldiversityofgatatranscriptionfactorsinfilamentousfungistructuralcharacteristicsmetabolicregulationandenvironmentalresponse